Aachen Cathedral Treasury

The Aachen Cathedral Treasury, known locally as the Aachener Domschatzkammer, is a treasure trove of ecclesiastical artifacts and a testament to the rich history of Aachen Cathedral. Nestled in the historical heart of Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, this remarkable museum houses one of the most significant collections of religious artifacts in the world. With pieces dating from the late antiquity, Byzantine, Carolingian, Ottonian, Staufian, and Gothic periods, the Treasury is a must-visit for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike.

The Historical Journey

The origins of the Aachen Cathedral Treasury are shrouded in mystery, with little known about the storage of the Marienkirche's treasures during the medieval period. From the 15th to the 19th century, the growing collection was kept in a large Gothic reliquary cabinet within the sacristy of the Matthias Chapel at Aachen Cathedral. This cabinet, later dismantled in the 19th century, housed the Karlsschrein and Marienschrein, the Gold Altar, the Lothar Cross, the bust of Charlemagne, and various reliquaries.

In 1922, after the treasures were returned from Paderborn post-World War I, a dedicated treasury room was established in the Allerseelenkapelle. By 1931, a 90-square-meter space was opened to the public, showcasing the collection in a secure and museum-appropriate manner. The collection remained there, with interruptions during World War II, until 1979.

In 1975, due to the significance of the collection, the Federal Ministry for Regional Planning, Building, and Urban Development chose to construct a protective bunker for the treasures. Consequently, a new treasury was built adjacent to the bunker on the west side of the cloister. The new exhibition space, opened in 1979, displayed the artifacts chronologically across three rooms.

However, technical issues and increasing visitor numbers necessitated a reorganization in 1995. The exhibition area was expanded to 600 square meters, and the artifacts were rearranged thematically rather than chronologically, making it easier for visitors to understand the connections between the pieces.

Exploring the Themes

The Aachen Cathedral Treasury is divided into six thematic sections, each offering a unique glimpse into the historical, religious, and cultural significance of the Marienkirche.

Charlemagne

The Charlemagne section focuses on the Cathedral as the former palace church of Charlemagne. The centerpiece is the late Gothic, silver-gilt bust of Charlemagne, a model for numerous later reliquary busts. Other notable items include the Gothic Karl's Reliquary from the 14th century, the Gothic Three-Tower Reliquary, and the French Arm Reliquary from 1481, all containing relics of Charlemagne. The Treasury Gospel, created at Charlemagne's court school in the early 9th century, is a masterpiece of Carolingian book illumination.

Among the artifacts linked to Charlemagne is an 11th-century Oliphant from southern Italy or the Orient, long believed to be his hunting horn. Additionally, the so-called Hunting Knife of Charlemagne, an 8th-century Anglo-Saxon or Scandinavian piece, stands out as one of the few medieval knives preserved above ground.

Another significant artifact is the 11th or 12th-century so-called Charlemagne's Breast Cross, a reliquary containing a fragment of the True Cross, supposedly found in Charlemagne's tomb during its opening by Otto III.

Liturgical Treasures

The liturgical section features items used in religious ceremonies, including the Ottonian Lothar Cross, a lavish processional cross from around 985. This cross, adorned with a cameo of Emperor Augustus and a Carolingian seal stone, is considered an unparalleled example of a medieval gem cross. Other highlights include late Gothic artworks from the Cologne school, such as the Aachen Altar from 1515/20 and a 1525 depiction of the Mass of St. Gregory from Hildesheim.

Coronations

This section showcases artifacts related to the coronations that took place in Aachen. Notable pieces include the Coronation Gospels, a 9th-century manuscript used during the coronation of Holy Roman Emperors, and the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire, a symbol of the emperor's authority.

The Marienkirche

The Marienkirche section delves into the history and significance of the church itself. It features relics and artifacts that highlight the church's role as a pilgrimage site and its importance in the religious life of Aachen.

Pilgrimage and Relics

This section focuses on the church's role as a pilgrimage destination, showcasing relics and items associated with the various pilgrimages to Aachen. It includes reliquaries, vestments, and other artifacts that highlight the church's significance as a center of devotion.

Textiles

The textile section is a treasure trove of ecclesiastical garments and textiles. It includes a rich collection of vestments, altar cloths, and other textiles that showcase the artistry and craftsmanship of different periods.

The Aachen Cathedral Treasury is not just a museum; it's a journey through centuries of history, art, and devotion. Each artifact tells a story, offering a glimpse into the past and the rich heritage of Aachen Cathedral. Whether you're a history enthusiast or a casual visitor, the Treasury is sure to leave you in awe of its treasures and the stories they hold.