Castello Svevo

Castello Svevo, also known by its original name Castello svevo di Augusta, stands as a proud sentinel on the northern tip of the island of Augusta in Sicily. This imposing fortress, with its rich history and architectural grandeur, is a symbol of the city and a testament to the strategic importance of this coastal region throughout the centuries.

The History of Castello Svevo

The origins of Castello Svevo can be traced back to the early 13th century. Construction began around 1232, likely on the site of an earlier Norman watchtower. The castle was commissioned by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II of Swabia, who entrusted the project to the architect Riccardo da Lentini. By 1242, the castle’s construction was complete, and it became an integral part of a broader defensive network aimed at protecting the eastern coast of the Kingdom of Sicily from maritime attacks.

An inscription within the castle commemorates its foundation:

Augustam Dìvus Augustus condidit urbem. Et tulit ut tìtulo sit Veneranda suo

Translated, this means: Augustus the Divine founded the city of Augusta. And he made it worthy of his title.

Over the centuries, Castello Svevo saw numerous occupants and underwent various modifications. It was occupied by the Angevins and the Aragonese, who each left their mark on the fortress. In the 17th century, significant bastioned works were added, enhancing its defensive capabilities. However, the castle's structure was notably altered during the modern era, first for military purposes and later when it was adapted into a penitentiary in 1890. The cells above the portico date back to this period of adaptation.

Exploring Castello Svevo

As you approach Castello Svevo, its formidable presence is immediately striking. The castle is built on a square plan, with each side measuring 62 meters and walls that are 2.6 meters thick. The eight towers that punctuate the walls are a defining feature, constructed with sandstone blocks known locally as giuggiulena. The interior of the castle is equally impressive, characterized by large pointed arches and ribbed Gothic cross vaults.

The four central towers are particularly noteworthy. The towers on the east and west sides are rectangular, while those on the north and south sides are polygonal. This unique design reflects the architectural ingenuity of the period and the strategic importance of the castle's location.

Although the castle is currently not open to the public due to the risk of collapse, its exterior alone is worth the visit. The surrounding landscape offers a glimpse into the castle's past, with remnants of its defensive structures and the rugged beauty of the coastline providing a dramatic backdrop.

The Struggles and Preservation Efforts

In recent years, Castello Svevo has faced significant challenges. The castle's deteriorating condition has prompted concerns about its future. In response, the National Association Italia Nostra, in collaboration with the Carabinieri's Cultural Heritage Protection Section in Syracuse, has been actively involved in efforts to highlight the castle's plight. Their advocacy led to a formal complaint to prevent parts of the castle from sliding into the sea.

The public prosecutor's office in Syracuse launched an investigation into the castle's dilapidated state, resulting in the indictment of regional officials, including the former president of the region, for neglecting their duty to maintain the historic monument. On February 16, 2016, the castle was officially seized to protect it from further damage.

The Future of Castello Svevo

The future of Castello Svevo remains uncertain, but efforts to preserve this historical gem continue. The castle is now under the care of the Superintendence of Cultural Heritage of Syracuse. While it is not currently accessible to visitors, there is hope that ongoing preservation efforts will eventually allow the public to once again explore its storied halls and towers.

For now, visitors to Augusta can admire Castello Svevo from the outside, imagining the centuries of history that have unfolded within its walls. The castle stands as a reminder of the region's rich cultural heritage and the enduring legacy of those who built and defended it.

In conclusion, Castello Svevo is more than just a historic monument; it is a symbol of Augusta's resilience and strategic importance throughout history. Its walls echo the stories of emperors, knights, and prisoners, making it an essential stop for anyone interested in the rich tapestry of Sicily's past. While access to the castle may be restricted, the efforts to preserve and protect it ensure that its legacy will endure for future generations to appreciate and explore.