Alte Saline

The Alte Saline in Bad Reichenhall, Bavaria, is a mesmerizing blend of history, architecture, and industrial heritage. Nestled at the foot of the Gruttenstein, this former saltworks is a testament to the ingenuity and resilience of those who harnessed the natural resources of the region. The site, with its striking red-brick buildings and intricate machinery, offers a fascinating glimpse into the past, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and curious travelers alike.

The Historical Significance of Alte Saline

The story of the Alte Saline begins long before its grand structures were erected in the 19th century. The site has been a center for salt production since prehistoric times, with evidence of Roman and medieval activities. The discovery of a prehistoric well casing and a Bronze Age axe during construction highlights the ancient roots of salt extraction in the area. The importance of salt, often referred to as white gold, cannot be overstated, as it was a crucial commodity for preservation and trade.

In the early 19th century, the saltworks faced a significant setback with the devastating city fire of 1834, which destroyed much of the existing infrastructure. However, this disaster paved the way for the creation of the Alte Saline as we know it today, designed under the guidance of King Ludwig I. The reconstruction was a monumental task, involving the acquisition of 51 properties to ensure the new facility met the king’s vision of a grand and geometrically planned industrial complex.

The Architectural Marvels of Alte Saline

The Alte Saline's architecture is a harmonious blend of functionality and aesthetic appeal. Designed by Joseph Daniel Ohlmüller and Friedrich von Schenk, the facility features a series of brick buildings arranged around three courtyards. The use of red brick with Nagelfluh stone accents gives the complex a distinctive appearance, while the spacious layout was intended to prevent the spread of fire between structures.

At the heart of the complex lies the Hauptbrunnhaus, a building that stands out for its Romanesque-inspired design. The facade, with its narrow, gabled portal, echoes the architecture of medieval churches and is adorned with a relief of Saint Rupert, flanked by salters, symbolizing the building’s purpose. Inside, visitors can marvel at the Brunnhauskapelle, which rises majestically above the other structures with its steep roof.

The Ingenious Machinery

The Alte Saline's machinery is a highlight of any visit. The Maschinenhalle, located in the southern wing of the Hauptbrunnhaus, houses impressive pressure pumps that lift brine from a depth of 14 meters. These pumps are powered by two massive, 13-meter-diameter waterwheels, each taking a leisurely 17 seconds to complete a rotation. The rhythmic sound of the wheels, accompanied by a bell signal, offers an auditory experience that transports visitors to a bygone era.

Additional features include the Marmorbrunnen, a marble fountain crafted by Anton Hiller in 1931, and the remnants of the historic Paternosterwerk chain, a nod to the site's long-standing tradition of innovative engineering.

The Mysterious Underground

Below the surface, the Quellenbau, or spring construction, reveals a labyrinth of tunnels and shafts where several brine springs emerge. The subterranean world of the Alte Saline is a marvel of engineering, with techniques from the time of its construction still in use to transport brine to the main shaft. The Karl-Theodor-Quelle pump system, dating back to the late 18th century, is a highlight of this underground exploration.

Visitors can experience the cool, constant temperature of around 10°C as they explore the Quellenbau, which has been illuminated by electric light since 1908, adding to its allure as a key attraction in Bad Reichenhall.

The Legacy of Alte Saline

Though the Alte Saline ceased salt production in 1929, its legacy endures. The site now serves as a monument to industrial heritage, preserved for future generations to appreciate the ingenuity and hard work of those who once toiled there. The surrounding ensemble, including the Salinenstraße, Beamtenstock, and the fire watchtower, adds to the historical ambiance, making it a captivating destination.

In conclusion, the Alte Saline is not just an industrial relic; it is a symbol of resilience and innovation. Its walls and machinery echo the stories of a community that thrived on the bounty of its natural resources. A visit to the Alte Saline is a journey through time, offering insights into the rich history of salt production and the architectural and engineering feats that made it possible.