USS Constellation

The USS Constellation, a majestic sloop-of-war, stands proudly at the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, Maryland, offering visitors a captivating journey through American naval history. This storied vessel, the last sail-only warship designed and built by the United States Navy, has a fascinating past that spans over a century and a half, touching upon pivotal moments in American and world history.

The Birth of a Legend

Constructed between 1853 and 1855 at the Gosport Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia, the USS Constellation was born from the remnants of its namesake frigate, which had been dismantled in 1853. Designed by Chief Constructor John Lenthall, the new Constellation was built using large stocks of live oak accumulated by the Navy, ensuring the vessel was both cost-effective and durable. Launched on August 26, 1854, she was a testament to naval ingenuity and craftsmanship, boasting a sleek design that allowed for speed and agility on the high seas.

A Vessel of War and Peace

The USS Constellation's service record is as varied as it is impressive. Initially commissioned in 1855 under Captain Charles H. Bell, she served with the Mediterranean Squadron, protecting American interests and citizens during periods of civil unrest. In 1859, she was assigned to the African Squadron, where she played a crucial role in the suppression of the transatlantic slave trade. One of her most notable achievements was the capture of the slave ship Cora in 1860, liberating 705 enslaved Africans who were subsequently resettled in Liberia.

The Civil War and Beyond

With the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, the USS Constellation was tasked with patrolling the Mediterranean to intercept Confederate raiders. Despite the challenges of war, she continued to serve with distinction, ensuring the safety of Union maritime commerce. After the war, the Constellation was decommissioned briefly before being repurposed as a training ship for midshipmen in 1871. During this period, she also undertook humanitarian missions, such as transporting exhibits to the 1878 Paris Exposition and delivering relief supplies to famine-stricken Ireland in 1879.

A Floating Classroom

For over two decades, the USS Constellation served as a training vessel, honing the skills of future naval officers. She was eventually relegated to a stationary training hulk in 1893, moored at Newport, Rhode Island. Throughout this time, a common misconception arose that the Constellation was the original 1797 frigate rather than a new vessel. This confusion persisted until the 1990s when definitive research clarified her true origins.

A National Treasure Restored

Efforts to preserve the USS Constellation as a museum ship began in earnest after World War II. Despite funding challenges, she was finally moved to Baltimore in 1955. Restoration efforts initially aimed to replicate the appearance of the original frigate, furthering the identity confusion. However, extensive research and subsequent restorations have since focused on maintaining the vessel's integrity as the 1854 sloop-of-war. Today, the USS Constellation is a National Historic Landmark, meticulously cared for and open to the public as part of the Historic Ships in Baltimore collection.

Exploring the USS Constellation

Visitors to the USS Constellation can immerse themselves in a rich tapestry of naval history. The ship's decks and compartments have been carefully restored to reflect their 19th-century appearance, offering a glimpse into the life of sailors and officers during its active years. Guided tours provide detailed insights into the ship's construction, armament, and missions, while interactive exhibits and educational programs bring history to life for visitors of all ages.

The Armament and Design

The USS Constellation was a formidable warship in her day, armed with a battery of sixteen 8-inch shell guns and four 32-pounder long guns on her main deck. She also carried two Parrott rifles for chasing down enemy vessels. Her sleek design, measuring 199 feet in overall length with a beam of 43 feet, allowed her to navigate the seas with both speed and grace. The ship's original crew consisted of 21 officers and 265 enlisted men, all of whom played crucial roles in her operations.

A Living Legacy

Today, the USS Constellation continues to serve as a powerful symbol of America's naval heritage. Her presence at Baltimore's Inner Harbor is a testament to the enduring spirit of those who served aboard her and the countless stories she holds within her wooden hull. As you walk her decks and explore her storied past, you'll gain a deeper appreciation for the sacrifices and triumphs that have shaped the course of American history.

In conclusion, the USS Constellation is more than just a historic ship; she is a living museum, a classroom, and a monument to the bravery and dedication of the men and women who sailed her. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a maritime aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to the USS Constellation promises an unforgettable journey through time, right in the heart of Baltimore.