Perched majestically on a rocky spur at the edge of Bar-le-Duc’s upper town, the Castle of the Counts and Dukes of Bar, known locally as Château des ducs de Bar, offers a captivating glimpse into the past. This historic site, with its commanding views over the Ornain Valley and the lower town, is a testament to the region’s rich history and architectural evolution.
The beginnings of the Castle of the Counts and Dukes of Bar date back to the 10th century when Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine, sought to protect his territory from the neighboring Champagne region. The strategic location on Mount Bar, surrounded by ravines and overlooking the plateau, made it an ideal defensive position. Initially a fortress, it evolved over the centuries into a grand residence.
In the 13th century, the Counts of Bar established their court here, marking a significant shift from other locations like Mousson and Saint-Mihiel. The castle became a self-contained fortress, complete with a double enclosure, a collegiate church, and various canonical buildings. It housed a garrison, an arsenal, and sufficient provisions to withstand a siege.
Under the rule of René II, Duke of Bar and Lorraine, in the 15th century, the castle underwent significant beautification. It transformed into a richly furnished residence, featuring a grand reception hall known as the Grande Galerie. René II’s wife, Philippa of Guelders, added an Italian garden, enhancing the castle’s allure.
The 16th century saw the construction of the Neuf-Castel, commissioned by Duke Charles III. This new addition housed the Chamber of Accounts of the Duchy, and its architectural style reflected the flamboyant Gothic style of the period. Despite being built at different times, the structures maintained a cohesive architectural unity.
By the 17th century, the castle’s fortunes waned as the Dukes of Bar and Lorraine shifted their focus elsewhere. An unfortunate fire in 1649 further damaged the neglected structure. The anti-French stance of Duke Henry II led to the occupation of the castle by French troops from 1632 to 1661.
In 1670, Louis XIV ordered the dismantling of the fortifications, sparing only the Neuf-Castel, the Clock Tower, and the Heyblot Tower. The once formidable fortress was reduced to a picturesque ruin.
Since 1970, the Neuf-Castel has housed the Barrois Museum, bringing new life to the historic site. The museum, established in the 19th century, showcases a diverse collection ranging from natural history and fine arts to local history and archaeology. It offers visitors a rich tapestry of the region’s cultural heritage.
Visitors to the Castle of the Counts and Dukes of Bar can explore the remnants of its storied past. The vaulted hall of the Treasury of Charters and the Romanesque “Belle Porte” are highlights of the site, both recognized as historical monuments since 1981. These remnants echo the grandeur of a bygone era.
In the 19th century, the site saw new developments, including the construction of the Dominican convent and the Saint-Louis Chapel. The chapel, built in a 13th-century Gothic style, is crowned by a statue of Our Lady of Protection, adding a spiritual dimension to the historic site.
The Castle of the Counts and Dukes of Bar is more than just a historical monument; it is a living testament to the resilience and transformation of a region. Its walls whisper tales of power, intrigue, and artistry, making it an unmissable destination for those exploring the rich tapestry of French history.
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