Theatre Royal, Bath

The Theatre Royal in Bath, England, stands as a testament to the grandeur and elegance of Georgian theatre architecture. Built in 1805, this Grade II* listed building has been hailed by the Theatres Trust as one of the most important surviving examples of its kind. With a rich history spanning over two centuries, the Theatre Royal continues to enchant visitors with its stunning design, fascinating past, and vibrant cultural offerings.

A Glimpse into the Past

The Theatre Royal was constructed to replace the Old Orchard Street Theatre, which had obtained a royal patent in 1768. The new theatre was funded by a Tontine, an innovative investment plan that allowed participants to receive an annuity, with shares increasing in value as members passed away. The exterior of the building was designed by George Dance the Younger, while John Palmer oversaw much of the construction. The theatre's ceiling featured panels painted by Andrea Casali, donated by Paul Cobb Methuen, though these were later moved to Dyrham Park due to potential damage from gas lights installed in 1827.

The opening night on October 12, 1805, featured a performance of Shakespeare's Richard III. Although the initial performance was not a resounding success, the theatre soon established a stellar reputation under the management of William Wyatt Dimond. Early performances included appearances by child actors Master Betty and Clara Fisher, as well as renowned London stage actors like Dorothea Jordan, William Macready, and Edmund Kean. The productions ranged from Shakespearean drama to opera and comedy, with Joseph Grimaldi famously playing the clown in a pantomime of Mother Goose in 1815.

Challenges and Rebirth

Throughout the 19th century, the Theatre Royal faced several challenges, including financial crises and a devastating fire in 1862 that destroyed the interior. A new company was formed to rebuild the theatre, with designs by C.J. Phipps. The theatre reopened in 1863 with a performance of A Midsummer Night's Dream, featuring Charles Kean and Ellen Terry. Despite initial struggles, the theatre eventually attracted larger audiences under the management of William and Egbert Lewis, who redecorated the theatre in 1892 and introduced new attractions like Gilbert and Sullivan operas.

The early 20th century brought further changes, including extensive building work in 1902 that saw the installation of electric lighting, a new fire curtain, and hot water radiators. The theatre celebrated its centenary in 1905 with a series of Shakespearean plays performed by Frank Benson's company. During World War I, the theatre continued to host performances, including a memorable portrayal by Sarah Bernhardt of a wounded male French soldier in 1916.

Surviving the 20th Century

The Theatre Royal faced financial difficulties during the Great Depression and closed for six months in the 1930s. However, it fared better during World War II, with appearances by prominent actors like Donald Wolfit, Irene Vanbrugh, John Gielgud, and Sybil Thorndike. In the post-war years, the theatre struggled to compete with cinema and television, leading to unsuccessful proposals for a trust to run the theatre in the 1960s.

In 1979, the dilapidated theatre was purchased by a trust headed by Jeremy Fry, who launched an appeal to raise funds for renovations. The theatre reopened in 1982 with a performance of A Midsummer Night's Dream, attended by Princess Margaret. Further developments included the opening of the Ustinov Studio in 1997 and The Egg, a children's theatre, in 2005.

Modern Enhancements

In 2010, the Theatre Royal underwent a significant refurbishment to preserve the 200-year-old building while ensuring it remained suitable for modern audiences. The £3 million project included an expanded foyer, improved lift and disabled access, complete refurbishment of the bars, and the creation of The Jeremy Fry Bar. Technical improvements, such as a new taller fly tower for scenery and lighting, were also implemented to accommodate major touring companies.

A Cultural Hub

Today, the Theatre Royal Bath is a thriving cultural hub, offering a diverse range of performances, including drama, comedy, opera, and dance. The complex also includes bars and The Garrick’s Head pub, providing a complete theatrical experience for visitors. With its rich history, stunning architecture, and vibrant cultural offerings, the Theatre Royal Bath continues to captivate and inspire audiences from around the world.

In conclusion, the Theatre Royal in Bath is not just a historic monument but a living testament to the enduring appeal of the performing arts. Its walls echo with the performances of legendary actors and the applause of countless audiences, making it an unmissable attraction for anyone visiting this beautiful city.