Bremen Roland

Standing proudly in the heart of Bremen's historic market square, the Bremen Roland, known locally as Bremer Roland, is a striking symbol of the city's independence and freedom. Erected in 1404, this imposing statue of Roland, the legendary paladin of Charlemagne, is not only a testament to Bremen's rich history but also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, having been recognized in conjunction with the Town Hall in 2004.

The History of Bremen Roland

The Bremen Roland statue that we see today replaced an earlier wooden version, which was destroyed in 1366 by soldiers of the Archbishop Albert II. The current stone figure was commissioned by the city council and crafted by the stonemasons Claws Zeelleyher and Jacob Olde, who were paid 170 Bremen Marks for their work. Carved from Elm limestone with a supporting pillar made of Obernkirchen sandstone, the statue was originally painted in vibrant colors, although it now displays a more subdued palette.

The figure of Roland stands 5.47 meters tall and is mounted on a 60-centimeter-high stepped pedestal, bringing the total height of the monument to 10.21 meters. This makes it the tallest free-standing statue of the medieval period in Germany. Over the centuries, the Roland statue has undergone several restorations to preserve its grandeur, including significant work in the 1930s and 1980s.

Symbolism and Significance

Roland, depicted as a knight in full armor, represents the city's claim to imperial freedom and market rights. His raised sword symbolizes the city's judicial authority, while the shield bearing the double-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire underscores Bremen's long-standing struggle for autonomy. The inscription on the shield, renewed in 1512, further emphasizes the city's sovereign rights.

Interestingly, beneath Roland's feet lies a smaller figure, often interpreted as a defeated Frisian chieftain, symbolizing Bremen's dominance and victory over its adversaries. The statue's location and orientation towards the Town Hall and the street axis of Ostertor-Obernstraße were carefully chosen to reflect its political and judicial significance.

A Storied Past

Throughout its existence, the Bremen Roland has witnessed numerous historical events. During Napoleon's occupation of Bremen in the early 19th century, there were plans to demolish the statue to make way for a market hall, but these were never realized due to the end of French rule. The statue also faced threats during World War II, prompting the city to encase it in a protective wooden structure filled with sand to shield it from bomb damage. After the war, the Roland was restored, and a replica of its head was placed on the statue, with the original now housed in the Focke Museum.

Legends and Traditions

Local legends abound regarding the Bremen Roland. One popular tale suggests that as long as the Roland stands watch over Bremen, the city will remain free and independent. Another story humorously claims that a second Roland statue is hidden in the Town Hall's basement, ready to replace the original if it were ever to fall.

The Roland statue also plays a central role in Bremen's cultural traditions. Every year on November 5th, the city commemorates the Day of Reborn Freedom, marking the end of the Napoleonic occupation in 1813. The statue is adorned with flowers and the UNESCO flag, reviving a tradition from the 19th century. During the annual Bremer Freimarkt, one of Germany's oldest fairs, the Roland is festooned with a large gingerbread heart and colorful balloons, celebrating the city's festive spirit.

Philatelic and Numismatic Tributes

The Bremen Roland has been immortalized in various forms of art and memorabilia. It has appeared on postage stamps and coins, symbolizing its enduring significance to the city's identity. Replicas of the statue can be found in several locations worldwide, including a wooden version in Brooklyn's Zion Church, a smaller model in the Brazilian city of Rolândia, and even in a Japanese theme park in Obihiro on Hokkaidō Island.

Visiting the Bremen Roland

Today, visitors to Bremen can marvel at the Roland statue up close, appreciating its intricate details and historical importance. The market square, with its blend of medieval and modern architecture, provides a picturesque backdrop for this iconic monument. Whether you're a history enthusiast or simply a curious traveler, the Bremen Roland offers a fascinating glimpse into the city's storied past and its enduring spirit of freedom and independence.

In conclusion, the Bremen Roland is more than just a statue; it is a symbol of Bremen's resilience and pride. Its presence in the market square continues to inspire and captivate, making it an essential stop for anyone exploring this vibrant German city.