Tour Tanguy

Standing proudly on the rocky banks of the Penfeld River in Brest, France, the Tour Tanguy is a captivating medieval structure that transports its visitors back in time. This 14th-century tower, also known as the Bastille de Quilbignon or the Tour de la Motte-Tanguy, is a historical gem that now houses the Museum of Old Brest. Its picturesque location, directly opposite the majestic Château de Brest, makes it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and curious travelers alike.

The History of Tour Tanguy

The origins of the Tour Tanguy are shrouded in mystery, with its exact date of construction remaining uncertain. Tradition attributes its foundation to Tanguy I du Chastel, a nobleman from the Château de Trémazan in Landunvez, who played a significant role in Brittany's resistance against England. However, the tower we see today likely dates back to a slightly later period.

In 1386, John IV, Duke of Brittany, laid siege to the English-occupied Château de Brest. To ensure a successful blockade, he built two bastions: one directly facing the château and another on the right bank of the river, known as the Bastille de Kernéguez. After the destruction of the wooden Bastille de Kernéguez by the Duke of Lancaster, John IV had it rebuilt in stone in 1387, making it stronger than ever before.

It is believed that this stone bastille later came into the possession of the du Chastel family after the English departed in 1397. The bastille was then renamed Tour Tanguy, after several members of the du Chastel family who bore the name Tanguy. The family’s coat of arms can still be seen engraved above the tower’s entrance.

Until around 1580, the tower served as the seat of justice for the seigneurs of Châtel. However, as time passed, it fell into neglect. In 1786, it was acquired by the Rohan-Guéméné family and later became royal property. During the French Revolution, it was sold as national property to a man named Gabon, and it became known as the Tour Cabon.

In the mid-19th century, the tower was purchased by architect Barillé, who transformed it into a residence, adding windows and a Chinese-style pavilion at its summit. However, the tower’s residential use came to an end during World War II when it was damaged by fire during the 1944 battles. The Chinese pavilion was destroyed in the bombings, and the last private owner, Dr. Joseph Thielmans, vacated the property.

The city of Brest acquired the tower on July 15, 1954. After a period of neglect and deterioration, the tower’s future was in jeopardy due to the reconstruction of the Recouvrance neighborhood. However, in 1959, the city commissioned painter Jim E. Sévellec to create a museum within the tower to commemorate Brest’s history. The restored tower, now housing the Museum of Old Brest, was inaugurated on July 25, 1962, initially featuring two exhibition rooms. A third room was opened to the public in 1964, and in 1971, a pepperpot turret was added, along with crenellations to give the tower a more medieval appearance.

The Museum of Old Brest

The Museum of Old Brest within Tour Tanguy offers a fascinating journey through the city’s past, showcasing a collection of models and historical reconstructions. These exhibits provide a vivid glimpse into the picturesque streets of Brest before the devastation of World War II and its subsequent reconstruction.

On the ground floor, visitors can explore a collection of armorial bearings from various Brest corporations, as well as old maps of Brest, the prison, Saint-Louis Church, and the fortifications. Additionally, vintage postcards and photographs offer a nostalgic look at the city’s history.

The first floor features several captivating scenes, including “The Tower of La Motte-Tanguy,” “The Last Battle of Marie de la Cordelière,” depicting the famous naval battle, and a reconstruction of Brest Castle as it appeared in the early 20th century. Other exhibits highlight the city in the early 17th century, the visit of Siamese ambassadors in 1686, and Brest on the eve of the French Revolution.

On the second floor, visitors can immerse themselves in scenes from Brest’s vibrant past, such as the bustling market held at the foot of the tower, the visit of Emperor Napoleon III and Empress Eugénie to the port of Brest, and the inauguration of the Grand Pont, the predecessor of the Recouvrance Bridge, in 1861. Other highlights include a panoramic view of Brest in 1961, the Pouliquen Market in 1910, the Aviation Bar in 1934, the picturesque Stairs of the Fountain in 1930, and the Rue Borda as it appeared in 1925.

Conclusion

The Tour Tanguy stands as a testament to Brest’s rich and tumultuous history. From its medieval origins to its role in the city’s judicial system, and from its transformation into a private residence to its current status as a museum, the tower has witnessed centuries of change. Today, it offers visitors a unique opportunity to step back in time and explore the fascinating history of Brest. Whether you’re a history buff or simply looking for an intriguing and educational experience, a visit to the Tour Tanguy is sure to be a highlight of your trip to Brest.