Church of Our Lady

Bruges, the enchanting medieval city of Belgium, is home to numerous historical landmarks, but none quite as striking as the Church of Our Lady (Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk). This architectural marvel, with its towering spire and rich history, stands as a testament to the city's vibrant past and its enduring cultural heritage.

The History of the Church of Our Lady

The origins of the Church of Our Lady date back to around 875 AD when a small Carolingian chapel was first established on this site. Though the exact founding date is debated, with some sources attributing it to the year 741 by Saint Boniface, the chapel undeniably grew in significance over the centuries. By 1116, it had evolved from a subsidiary chapel of the Saint Martin's Church in Sijsele into the principal church of an independent parish, likely undergoing significant reconstruction during this period.

The construction of the current structure began around 1230, showcasing the distinctive Scheldt Gothic style, particularly in the central nave built from Tournai stone. The choir and apse, constructed between 1270 and 1280, reflect the influence of classic French Gothic architecture, albeit entirely in brick—a hallmark of coastal Gothic design. The church's imposing brick tower, reaching an impressive height of 115.6 meters, dominates the Bruges skyline and is one of the tallest brick structures in the world, second only to the St. Martin's Church in Landshut, Germany.

Exploring the Church of Our Lady

Upon entering the Church of Our Lady, visitors are immediately struck by its grandeur and the sense of history that permeates its walls. The church is divided into five naves, with the central nave being particularly noteworthy for its three-part rood screen, which separates the choir from the nave. The 17th-century apostle statues adorning this screen add to the church's majestic ambiance.

The Tombs of Mary of Burgundy and Charles the Bold

The church is perhaps best known for housing the tombs of Mary of Burgundy and her father, Charles the Bold. Mary of Burgundy, who died in 1482, was interred here, and her tomb was later identified during archaeological excavations in 1979. Her effigy, crafted by Jan Borman, depicts her in a serene, contemplative pose, with her hands folded in prayer and her crown adorned with precious stones.

Charles the Bold's tomb, although his remains were never found, was transported from France by his grandson, Emperor Charles V, and placed in the church. This tomb, designed half a century after Mary's, combines Gothic and Renaissance elements, with intricate details that reflect the craftsmanship of the period. Both tombs are located in the choir, beneath the high altar, and are a poignant reminder of the church's historical significance.

Michelangelo’s Madonna and Child

One of the most remarkable artworks within the Church of Our Lady is Michelangelo's Madonna and Child. This exquisite marble sculpture, originally intended for the Piccolomini altar in Siena Cathedral, was purchased in Italy by Bruges merchant Jan van Moeskroen and donated to the church in 1514. The statue, which depicts the Virgin Mary holding the infant Jesus, is one of the few Michelangelo works to leave Italy during his lifetime. Despite being looted twice—once by French revolutionaries in 1794 and again by German forces in 1944—it was successfully returned to Bruges on both occasions and remains a highlight of the church's art collection.

The Lanchals Chapel and Other Treasures

The Church of Our Lady also houses the Lanchals Chapel, dedicated to Pieter Lanchals, a loyalist to the Burgundian cause who was executed by the citizens of Bruges in 1488. According to legend, Emperor Maximilian I, in retribution, decreed that Bruges must forever maintain 52 swans on its canals, a tradition that continues to this day.

Another fascinating feature is the heaven hole above the crossing, complete with an intact hoisting mechanism used to depict Ascensions for the faithful. This unique historical artifact, dating back to 1762, adds to the church's rich tapestry of religious and cultural history.

Visiting the Church of Our Lady

Today, the Church of Our Lady serves both as an active parish church and a major tourist attraction, managed by the overarching organization Musea Brugge. Visitors can explore its architectural splendor, marvel at its artistic treasures, and reflect on its storied past. Whether you're an art aficionado, a history enthusiast, or simply seeking a moment of quiet contemplation, the Church of Our Lady offers a profound and enriching experience.

In conclusion, the Church of Our Lady is not just a place of worship; it is a living monument to the history, art, and culture of Bruges. Its towering spire, exquisite artworks, and historical tombs provide a window into the past, making it an unmissable destination for anyone visiting this beautiful medieval city.