Dolcoath mine

Dolcoath Mine, nestled in the heart of Camborne, Cornwall, is a site of immense historical significance and industrial heritage. Known affectionately as the Queen of Cornish Mines, Dolcoath stands as a testament to the rich mining history that once thrived in this region. The name Dolcoath derives from the Cornish language, meaning Old Ground, a fitting moniker for a mine that has seen centuries of activity and evolution.

The Rich History of Dolcoath Mine

The story of Dolcoath Mine dates back to the 16th century, with the first recorded mention of mining rights in 1588 when the Basset family of Tehidy leased the land to the Grue family. By the early 18th century, Dolcoath was already a bustling copper mine, reaching depths of nearly 300 feet by 1746. Its significance grew over the years, and by 1778, it had nearly doubled its depth to 600 feet.

However, the fluctuating prices of copper led to the mine's temporary closure in 1788. It wasn't until 1799, with the recovery of copper prices, that Dolcoath reopened and began its ascent to becoming one of the largest and most productive mines in Cornwall. By the mid-19th century, the mine had transitioned from copper to tin, thanks to the foresight of mine captain Charles Thomas, who believed in the potential of deeper tin deposits. His faith was rewarded, and Dolcoath became a leading producer of tin, paying its first tin dividend in 1853.

Exploring the Depths

Dolcoath Mine's infrastructure was nothing short of impressive. By 1882, the mine had reached a staggering depth of 2,160 feet, with a labyrinth of tunnels stretching 12 miles and over 40 miles of old workings. The main shaft, known as New Sump Shaft, eventually reached a depth of 3,300 feet, making Dolcoath the deepest mine in Cornwall. The pumping engine that serviced this shaft, dating back to 1815, was a marvel of engineering, with its massive 85-inch cylinder capable of managing the mine's extensive water drainage needs.

In 1895, Dolcoath transitioned to a limited company, marking a new era in its management and operations. A new shaft, Williams Shaft, was started in the same year, designed to reach depths of 3,000 feet. Completed in 1910, it became operational the following year, further cementing Dolcoath's reputation as a mining powerhouse.

The Tragic Accident of 1893

Despite its successes, Dolcoath Mine was not without its tragedies. On September 20, 1893, a catastrophic accident occurred at the 412-fathom level, nearly half a mile deep. A group of miners was reinforcing a large stull, a timber structure supporting the mine's roof, when it suddenly collapsed, burying the men beneath tons of rock. Seven miners lost their lives, and one, Richard Davies, was miraculously rescued after 37 hours. This tragic event underscored the dangers and hardships faced by those who worked in the mines.

Production and Legacy

Before its first closure in 1788, Dolcoath had already produced an estimated £1,250,000 worth of tin and copper. From 1799 until its final closure in 1920, the mine's total mineral production was valued at over £9 million, including not just tin and copper but also arsenic, silver, and other minerals. At its peak, Dolcoath produced over 100,000 tons of black tin, far surpassing any other mine in Cornwall.

Dolcoath's success translated into frequent dividends for its shareholders, and its shares, nicknamed Diabolos, were highly sought after in the industry. However, the collapse of tin prices in the early 20th century and the discovery of new deposits elsewhere in the world led to the mine's eventual closure in 1920. The site saw a brief resurgence in 1923 with the formation of New Dolcoath Mine, which consolidated several smaller mines, but by 1936, Dolcoath's era had come to an end.

Health and Working Conditions

Life for the miners at Dolcoath was fraught with challenges. Many suffered from miners' anemia, a condition caused by hookworm infection. The mine's damp and warm conditions were ideal for the spread of hookworm, which entered the miners' bodies through contact with contaminated surfaces. This health issue became a significant study for epidemiologists, highlighting the harsh realities of mining life.

A Visit to Dolcoath Mine Today

Today, Dolcoath Mine stands as a poignant reminder of Cornwall's mining heritage. Visitors can explore the remnants of this once-great mine, imagining the bustling activity that once took place deep underground. The ruins, with their weathered stone structures and towering engine houses, evoke a sense of history and resilience, offering a glimpse into the lives of the miners who toiled here.

Dolcoath Mine is not just a site of industrial history; it is a symbol of the ingenuity, determination, and spirit of the Cornish people. Its stories of triumph and tragedy continue to resonate, making it a must-visit destination for those interested in the rich tapestry of Cornwall's past.