Musée de Cambrai

Step into the heart of Cambrai and discover the Musée de Cambrai, a treasure trove of art, history, and culture nestled in the charming Hôtel de Francqueville. Established in 1847, this museum has grown to become one of the most important cultural institutions in northern France, offering visitors a rich tapestry of experiences that span centuries and continents.

The Historical Setting of Hôtel de Francqueville

The Musée de Cambrai is housed in the illustrious Hôtel de Francqueville, a stunning example of early 18th-century French architecture. Constructed between 1719 and 1720 by Jean-Baptiste de Francqueville, a royal advisor, the building exudes Parisian sophistication. The grand entrance, adorned with intricate sculpted elements typical of the late reign of Louis XIV and the Regency, opens into a spacious courtyard, setting the stage for the treasures within.

This historical edifice has seen its fair share of history. In 1816, it was requisitioned by the English army to house the Duke of Wellington. Fast forward to 1888, and the wealthy industrialist Auguste Legrand bequeathed the Hôtel de Francqueville to the city of Cambrai, transforming it into a sanctuary for the museum's growing collection. The building was further expanded in the 1990s, blending modern architectural elements seamlessly with its classical roots.

A Journey Through Time: The Museum's History

The Musée de Cambrai's origins can be traced back to the French Revolution, when revolutionary seizures formed the core of its initial collection. These artifacts were initially displayed in the church of Saint Géry before being moved to various locations around the city. By 1846, a dedicated museum space was established in the Halles, showcasing a burgeoning collection that included significant donations and state deposits.

Throughout the 19th century, the museum continued to expand its collection, acquiring notable works of art and historical artifacts. The move to the Hôtel de Francqueville in 1893 marked a significant milestone, providing a grander and more fitting home for its treasures. The museum's collection grew exponentially, thanks in part to generous donations from local benefactors and state deposits.

Surviving the Tumult of the 20th Century

The museum faced significant challenges during the two World Wars. During World War I, the building was partially damaged, and many of its collections were lost. Efforts to safeguard the remaining artifacts saw them transported to Valenciennes and later to Brussels. Despite these efforts, over two hundred works were destroyed. The museum reopened in stages, with the full collection accessible again by 1933.

World War II brought further disruption, but the museum's contents were evacuated for safekeeping, allowing it to reopen in 1946. The latter half of the 20th century saw the museum undergo significant restoration and expansion, culminating in a major renovation between 1989 and 1994. This period of renewal brought a contemporary flair to the museum's architecture and allowed for the integration of modern collections, including significant donations of geometric abstraction.

Exploring the Museum's Rich Collections

The Musée de Cambrai is divided into three main departments: archaeology, local heritage, and the arts. Each section offers a unique perspective on the region's history and cultural legacy.

The Archaeological Department

Located in the basement levels of the Hôtel de Francqueville, the archaeological department showcases an impressive array of artifacts. Local collections, particularly from the Merovingian era, provide a fascinating glimpse into the early history of the Cambrésis region. Highlights include items unearthed from the Rue des Vignes excavations, which shed light on the area's ancient occupation.

Beyond local finds, the department also features remarkable pieces from the Campana collection, including Etruscan ceramics and a sarcophagus. A unique section dedicated to osteoarchaeology offers insights into the lives and environments of past populations through the study of human remains.

The Local Heritage Department

This department immerses visitors in the rich history of Cambrai, from the 12th to the 18th centuries. Exhibits include architectural elements from ancient churches, such as the former cathedral of Cambrai and the church of Honnecourt. Noteworthy pieces include three column statues, likely from the old Saint Géry church, and a captivating depiction of Pyramus and Thisbe from the Romanesque period.

The second section focuses on the former cathedral, known as the wonder of the Netherlands, featuring alabaster sculptures and portraits of notable bishops like Fénelon and Van der Burch. The third section highlights Cambrai's 18th-century history, with the procession chariot of the canonesses of Sainte-Aldegonde standing out as a unique and spectacular artifact.

The Arts Department

The arts department boasts an impressive collection of fine arts, modern art, and contemporary art. Renowned artists such as Auguste Rodin, Camille Claudel, James Tissot, and Henri Matisse are well represented. The museum's holdings of geometric abstraction are particularly noteworthy, thanks to significant donations from collectors André le Bozec and Eva-Maria Fruhtrunk.

Whether you're a history buff, an art enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, the Musée de Cambrai offers a captivating journey through time. Its blend of historical charm and contemporary flair, coupled with its diverse and rich collections, make it a must-visit destination in the heart of Cambrai.