Celje Castle

Perched majestically on a trio of hills to the southeast of Celje, Slovenia, Celje Castle (locally known as Celjski grad) is a testament to the region's rich medieval history and architectural prowess. Once the largest fortification on Slovenian territory, this castle ruin continues to enchant visitors with its storied past and panoramic views of the surrounding Laško valley and the meandering Savinja River.

The Historical Tapestry of Celje Castle

The earliest records of Celje Castle date back to 1322, when it was referred to as “purch Cylie.” Over the centuries, it has been known by various names, including “vest Cili” in 1341 and “castrum Cilie” in 1451. The name “Obercili” (Upper Celje) emerged only after the extinction of the Counts of Celje. Originally, the castle was known as “grad Celje” (Celje Castle).

The site of Celje Castle initially hosted a Romanesque palace built in the first half of the 13th century by the Counts of Heunburg from Carinthia. This early fortress comprised a five-sided structure with a natural southern defense. The western section featured a multi-story building, while the eastern courtyard housed large water reservoirs and robust defensive walls. The castle's early history is marked by conflicts between the Lords of Sanneck and the Lords of Auffenstein, leading to its partial destruction and subsequent reconstruction.

The Lords of Sanneck and the Counts of Celje

In 1333, the castle came under the possession of the Lords of Sanneck, who were later known as the Counts of Celje from 1341. They transformed the fortress into a comfortable residence and official seat. Around 1400, they added the iconic four-story Friderikov stolp (Frederick's Tower), a central feature of the castle. The eastern section of the courtyard boasted a three-story residential tower, one of the best-preserved parts of the castle today.

The western section, known as the palatium, housed the main residential quarters, including rooms for women. The southern side featured Andrejev stolp (Andrew's Tower), named after the chapel dedicated to Saint Andrew. During the Middle Ages, the castle's walls were impenetrable, and attackers had to rely on starving the defenders into submission. A hidden passageway from the castle to a nearby granary ensured a steady supply of provisions for the defenders.

The castle withstood various earthquakes and sieges, including a significant earthquake in 1348 that destroyed part of the Romanesque palace. The damaged section was rebuilt, and the outer ward was extended in the 15th century. The castle's architectural innovations served as a model for other fortifications in the region.

The Holy Roman Empire and Beyond

In 1461, the castle became part of the Holy Roman Empire, with Krištof pl. Ungnad appointed as the first imperial caretaker. Over the years, various caretakers, including Jurij pl. Apfaltrer and Andrej pl. Hohenwart, managed the castle, ensuring its maintenance and preservation. Despite its strategic importance waning, Celje Castle remained a significant economic center.

By the late 17th century, the castle began to fall into disrepair. Depictions from 1681 show Friderikov stolp without a roof. The castle's decline continued in the 18th century, with its stones repurposed for the construction of the Novo Celje Mansion. By the end of the 18th century, the castle was abandoned and turned into a quarry by local farmers.

Revival in the 19th and 20th Centuries

Interest in the castle's ruins revived in the mid-19th century. In 1846, Count Wickenburg purchased the ruins and donated them to the Styrian estates. The Celje museum society began restoration efforts in 1882, which continued through the 20th century. During the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, local authorities contributed significantly to the castle's preservation. Post-World War II, restoration efforts resumed, including archaeological excavations led by Tatjana Bregant from 1972.

Celje Castle in the 21st Century

Today, Celje Castle is a vibrant cultural landmark, attracting approximately 60,000 visitors annually. The Celje tourist board hosts the Pod zvezdami Celjanov (Under the Stars of Celje) event every late summer, featuring medieval performances and music concerts. The annual Veronikini večeri (Veronika's Evenings) cultural event, named after the character Veronika from the Slovenian opera Veronika Deseniška, includes concerts, theatre performances, and poetry awards.

Exploring Celje Castle offers a journey through time, from its medieval origins to its modern-day cultural significance. The castle's ruins, towers, and courtyards provide a glimpse into the lives of the Counts of Celje and the region's tumultuous history. Whether you're a history enthusiast or a casual tourist, Celje Castle promises an unforgettable experience amidst the scenic beauty of Slovenia.