The Charleroi Courthouse, known locally as the Gerechtsgebouw van Charleroi, is a striking symbol of modernity and justice in the heart of Charleroi, Belgium. This architectural marvel, designed by the renowned carolorégien architect Jacques Depelsenaire, stands proudly on Avenue Général Michel. Built between 1959 and 1963, the Charleroi Courthouse is the fourth building since the early 19th century to serve as the judicial hub of Charleroi. Today, it houses the Hainaut Division of the Court of First Instance, the Charleroi Public Prosecutor's Office, the Justice of the Peace Courts for Charleroi I and II, and the Charleroi Police Court.
The history of the Charleroi Courthouse is as rich and varied as the city itself. The story begins on October 1, 1795, when the Austrian Netherlands were annexed to France, integrating Charleroi into the Jemmapes department. The judicial system reform on March 18, 1800, established a Court of First Instance in Charleroi, despite opposition from Thuin and Binche. Initially housed in a former military building in Ville-Haute, the courthouse moved to a newly constructed building in 1826, designed by architect Jean Kuypers. However, the rapid growth of judicial matters soon necessitated a larger space.
In 1876, the construction of a new courthouse was decided, and the neo-classical building designed by Parisian architect Albert Ballu was inaugurated on July 10, 1880. This courthouse, located on Boulevard Audent, became known for its iconic cast-iron lions, Totor and Tutur, created by Antoine-Félix Bouré. However, the building quickly fell into disrepair due to poor material choices, leading to its eventual abandonment in 1969.
Fast forward to the post-World War II era, when the vision for a new courthouse emerged. Jacques Depelsenaire, a native of Charleroi and a laureate of the Prix de Rome, was entrusted with the project. His design embodied the spirit of modernity and democratic openness, characteristic of post-war modernist architecture. The construction, carried out in phases from 1959 to 1963, resulted in the U-shaped courthouse we see today, nestled in the lower part of the former training grounds for soldiers, now known as Parc Jacques Depelsenaire.
The Charleroi Courthouse's main entrance is marked by an undulating canopy, welcoming visitors from Boulevard Général Michel. The building's concrete structure features two distinct types of facades: the opaque, square-patterned blue stone facade with regular protruding elements, and the glass curtain wall facade, offering a transparent and open feel. The central wing, partially supported by powerful pillars, provides access to an inner courtyard and a monumental staircase leading to the adjacent Palais du Verre.
The Charleroi Courthouse is not just a center of justice but also a haven for art enthusiasts. The facade facing Avenue Général Michel is adorned with André Hupet's monumental work, La Justice poursuivant le Mal (Justice Pursuing Evil). Alphonse Darville's sculpture, Justice et Paix (Justice and Peace), graces the entrance on Boulevard de Fontaine, while the famous lions, Totor and Tutur, have found a new home along the same boulevard.
Inside the courthouse, visitors can marvel at the artistic treasures that adorn its halls. The entrance hall features ceramics by Marie-Henriette Bataille, Claire Lambert, and Paul Timper, while the staircase boasts a sculpture by Charles De Rouck. The courtrooms are decorated with frescoes by Émile Tainmont and ceramics by Olivier Strebelle, adding a touch of elegance to the judicial proceedings.
Adjacent to the Charleroi Courthouse is the Palais du Verre, an extension completed in 2010. This building, originally housing the National Glass Institute, the Glass Museum, and the Archaeological Museum from 1967 to 2006, now accommodates the Enterprise Court, the Labour Court, and the Labour Auditor's Office. The transformation of this space into a judicial extension was overseen by the same architect, Jacques Depelsenaire, ensuring a seamless integration with the original courthouse design.
The Palais du Verre is also home to several notable artworks. Near its entrance, a tribute to Georges Lemaître by Jean-François Diord emerges from a reflecting pool, while an installation by Boris Tellegen, created for the Asphalte#1 urban art biennale in 2014, adds a contemporary touch to the site.
A visit to the Charleroi Courthouse is not complete without exploring its beautifully landscaped grounds. The Parc Jacques Depelsenaire offers a serene escape with its lush greenery and well-maintained pathways. The inner courtyard of the courthouse features two cyclopean sculptures by Michel Stiévenart, providing a unique blend of nature and art.
In conclusion, the Charleroi Courthouse is a testament to the city's rich judicial history and its commitment to modernity and artistic expression. Whether you're a history buff, an art lover, or simply a curious traveler, the Charleroi Courthouse offers a captivating journey through time and creativity, making it a must-visit landmark in the heart of Belgium.
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