The French submarine Redoutable, known locally as Le Redoutable, is a marvel of naval engineering and a testament to France's prowess in submarine technology. Nestled in the picturesque town of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, this former titan of the seas now serves as a fascinating museum exhibit at La Cité de la Mer, offering visitors an immersive glimpse into the world of nuclear submarines and the strategic maritime history of France.
The story of the French submarine Redoutable begins in the early 1960s, amid the height of the Cold War. France, seeking to bolster its strategic defense capabilities, embarked on an ambitious project to construct its first nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine. The construction of Redoutable commenced in 1964 in the naval shipyard of Cherbourg, a project led by the esteemed engineer André Gempp. The submarine was launched on March 29, 1967, in the presence of the iconic French leader, General Charles de Gaulle.
Redoutable was a pioneering vessel, equipped with a pressurized water nuclear reactor and capable of carrying 16 M20 ballistic missiles armed with nuclear warheads. These formidable capabilities made it a cornerstone of France's Force océanique stratégique, ensuring that the nation could maintain a credible nuclear deterrent. The submarine officially entered service on December 1, 1971, under the command of Captain Bernard Louzeau.
Life aboard the French submarine Redoutable was a unique experience. The vessel was manned by a crew of 135, divided into two teams, the Bleus and the Rouges, who alternated to keep the submarine operational at all times. The submarine's missions, known as patrols, initially lasted 55 days but eventually extended to 75 days, during which the crew operated in stealth, ready to launch their missiles if required.
The submarine's interior was a blend of advanced technology and austere living conditions. The crew had to adapt to the confined space and the constant hum of the nuclear reactor. Despite these challenges, the camaraderie among the sailors and the sense of duty to their country fostered a strong esprit de corps.
During its two decades of service, Redoutable completed 51 patrols, amassing an impressive 83,500 hours of submerged operation. The submarine played a crucial role in France's strategic defense, ensuring that the nation could respond to any nuclear threat. One of the notable events in its operational history was the successful launch of an M1E missile during a test in 1971, demonstrating its readiness and capability.
In April 1991, Redoutable made a historic stop in Dakar, Senegal, as part of Operation Jubarte. This mission tested the feasibility of crew rotation far from base, marking the only African port call in the history of French ballistic missile submarines. The submarine was officially decommissioned on December 13, 1991, after a distinguished career.
After its decommissioning, the French submarine Redoutable was not destined for the scrapyard. Instead, it was transformed into a museum exhibit, a process that began in 1996 when the Ministry of Defense donated the submarine to the urban community of Cherbourg. The submarine was moved to La Cité de la Mer, a maritime museum dedicated to the history of underwater exploration and naval technology.
The transformation was a monumental task, requiring the creation of a custom-built dry dock to accommodate the 128-meter-long vessel. On July 4, 2000, Redoutable was carefully maneuvered into its new home, an operation that involved 70 personnel and numerous naval assets. The submarine was then meticulously restored and opened to the public on April 29, 2002.
Today, visitors to La Cité de la Mer can explore the French submarine Redoutable and gain a unique insight into the life of a submariner. The museum offers guided tours that take you through the various sections of the submarine, from the control room to the living quarters. The exhibits provide a detailed look at the technology and daily routines that defined life aboard this nuclear-powered giant.
One of the highlights of the tour is the missile compartment, where visitors can see the launch tubes that once housed the submarine's formidable arsenal. The control room, with its array of dials and instruments, offers a glimpse into the complex operations required to navigate and maintain a nuclear submarine. The living quarters, though modest, reflect the resilience and adaptability of the crew who served aboard.
The French submarine Redoutable is more than just a museum exhibit; it is a symbol of France's maritime heritage and a tribute to the men who served aboard her. As you walk through the submarine's narrow corridors and peer into its various compartments, you are transported back in time to an era when the threat of nuclear conflict loomed large, and submarines like Redoutable played a crucial role in maintaining global peace and security.
Whether you are a history enthusiast, a naval aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to the French submarine Redoutable offers an unforgettable experience. It is a journey into the depths of naval history and a testament to the ingenuity and bravery of those who served aboard this remarkable vessel. So, the next time you find yourself in Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, make sure to set aside some time to explore this iconic submarine and immerse yourself in the fascinating world of underwater warfare and defense.
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