First Christian Church

The First Christian Church in Columbus, Indiana, is a beacon of modernist architecture and a testament to the vision of its designers and the community that brought it to life. This landmark, originally known as the Tabernacle Church of Christ, was constructed in 1942 and stands as a pioneering example of contemporary church architecture in the United States.

A Visionary Beginning

The need for a larger church to accommodate the growing congregation between the World Wars led to the creation of this architectural gem. Initially, there were plans for a Gothic or early American-style church, but the idea of a modern church was proposed by J. Irwin Miller, who had been influenced by his architectural studies at Yale University. This proposal marked the beginning of a two-generation family endeavor to design and build the church.

The family’s connection to the renowned Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen, through Nettie Sweeney Miller, played a crucial role in the church’s design. Saarinen, who had previously built only one church in Lithuania, was initially hesitant but soon became enthusiastic about the project. His vision was to create a church that reflected the fundamentals of the Christian faith and modern architecture, free from traditional theological and stylistic constraints.

Architectural Brilliance

The design of the First Christian Church is divided into four main elements: the east wing, which houses the church, chapel, and auditorium; the west wing, which contains part of the Sunday school; the connecting bridge between the east and west wings, which includes the rest of the Sunday school; and the tower. This division creates a balanced and tranquil mass, with each part contributing to the overall harmony of the structure.

The church’s terrace, set 2.4 meters below street level, once featured a large pool that was later replaced with a grassy area for outdoor gatherings. This sunken terrace, surrounded by the building’s wings and partially covered by the connecting bridge, is paved with a mosaic pattern and adorned with plants and flower beds, providing a serene setting for church and Sunday school activities.

The Tower

One of the most striking features of the First Christian Church is its tower, which stands as a separate unit from the rest of the church. Rising 50.5 meters in a continuous line from the terrace, the tower’s simple geometric design and smooth brick walls give it a dignified and strong presence. The perforated section at the top houses the resonance chamber for the organ chimes, adding a unique acoustic element to the structure.

The Sanctuary

The main church building, located at the northeast corner of the property, is accessed via a set of nine steps leading to a platform. The entrance opens into the narthex, with a cloakroom on the right and stairs to the gallery on the left. The asymmetrical design of the sanctuary, a hallmark of Saarinen’s architectural philosophy, creates a serene and spacious atmosphere. The cross at the end of the chancel is offset, while the communion table is centrally placed, emphasizing the spirit of the service rather than artificial symmetry.

Unlike traditional churches, the First Christian Church does not feature stained glass windows. Instead, Saarinen designed windows with the same pattern as the perforated section of the tower, creating a natural unity and symmetry. The floor-to-ceiling windows allow natural light to flood the sanctuary, enhancing the spiritual ambiance during morning services.

The Chapel

The chapel, like the main church, follows an asymmetrical design. It has a wide aisle on the west side and a narrow one on the east, with floor-to-ceiling windows providing ample natural light. This design choice continues the theme of simplicity and serenity found throughout the church.

The Baptistery

Located at the rear of the chancel, the baptistery is shielded from the congregation by swinging doors. It is illuminated by natural light from the church windows, symbolizing the natural arrangements of death, burial, and resurrection. Facilities such as dressing rooms, showers, and restrooms are conveniently located on the second floor above the baptistery.

The Organ

The church’s organ, an Aeolian-Skinner model, was state-of-the-art at the time of its installation. With four manuals and pedals, 72 speakers, 4695 pipes, 61 harp bars, 25 bells, and numerous couplers and accessories, it is a magnificent instrument. The organ blends classical tonal richness with modern mechanical additions, making it versatile for performing music from various periods.

The Tapestry

Adorning the church is a massive 10 by 35-meter tapestry designed by Saarinen and woven by skilled Scandinavian weavers under the direction of his wife, Loja Saarinen. Depicting the Sermon on the Mount with images of animals and listeners, it was the largest tapestry in the country at the time and adds a profound artistic element to the church’s interior.

Auditorium and Reception Room

The auditorium is a versatile space used for dinners, plays, and other large gatherings. It features 500 seats that can be stored under the stage to create an open area. Large windows open onto the terrace, providing a connection to the outdoor space. Adjacent to the auditorium is a reception room used for various activities, complete with coat facilities and restrooms.

Kitchen and Offices

The kitchen and pantry, covering an area of 83 square meters, are located in the east wing, designed to avoid disrupting church services. The office area near the east entrance lobby includes the pastor’s study, the secretary’s office, a library, and a reception room, ensuring the church’s administrative functions run smoothly.

The First Christian Church in Columbus, Indiana, is more than just a place of worship; it is a symbol of modernist architectural innovation and a testament to the community’s vision and dedication. Its serene and balanced design, combined with thoughtful details and artistic elements, makes it a must-visit landmark for anyone interested in architecture, history, and the enduring power of faith.