Oude Kerk

In the heart of the picturesque city of Delft in the Netherlands stands the Oude Kerk, also affectionately known as the Old Church, Old John, or even the Leaning John due to its characteristic tilted tower. This iconic structure, dating back to 1246, is the oldest church in Delft and boasts a rich history that has shaped its unique architectural beauty and cultural significance.

The History of Oude Kerk

The story of Oude Kerk is one of continuous evolution and adaptation. Originally constructed in the mid-13th century, the church underwent its first significant expansion under the guidance of Bartholomeus van der Made. During this period, the church was known as St. Bartholomew's Church. The initial structure, built from tuff stone, was expanded with two side aisles and a choir.

Between 1325 and 1350, a 75-meter-high tower was added to the church in a striking Flemish style, complete with a brick spire and four corner turrets. This tower, which was the tallest building in the area for many years, soon became a defining feature of the Delft skyline. By 1396, the church had been dedicated to St. Hippolytus, marking the end of this significant phase of construction.

The 15th century brought further changes, with the nave being completely renewed and elevated above the side aisles, restoring the church's basilica form. The side aisles were extended to the front of the tower, and several chapels and portals were added, enriching the church's architectural complexity. The northern portal, converted into a chapel, and the portal at the tower are remnants of this period.

The early 16th century saw the last major renovation, aiming to transform the brick basilica into a cruciform basilica made of natural stone. However, this ambitious project was halted by the Great Fire of Delft in 1536 and the Iconoclasts in 1566 and 1573. Despite these setbacks, the pulpit from 1548 miraculously survived.

The Leaning Tower

One of the most intriguing aspects of Oude Kerk is its leaning tower. Built partly on a sand ridge and partly on a filled-in canal, the foundation began to settle unevenly, causing the tower to tilt during construction. Despite this, the builders continued, resulting in the distinctive kink in the tower. Over the centuries, this leaning tower has been a cause of concern for the residents of Delft. In 1843, the city council even considered demolishing it due to fears of collapse, but local contractors managed to prevent this drastic measure. Today, the 75-meter-high tower leans nearly two meters off-center, adding to the church's unique charm.

The Bells of Oude Kerk

Within the robust oak bell frame, dating from the 16th or 17th century, hang two remarkable bells: the Trinitas bell, often referred to as the Bourdon, and the Laudate bell. The Trinitas bell, cast in 1570 by Hendrick van Trier, weighs almost 9,000 kilograms and has a diameter of approximately 2.3 meters. It is the largest historic bell in the Netherlands and is only rung on special occasions due to the intense vibrations it produces, which could damage the tower if rung regularly. The Laudate bell, cast in 1719, complements this impressive duo.

The Organs

Oude Kerk is also home to three organs, each with its own unique history. The main organ, located against the west wall near the tower, was built in 1857 by Christian G.F. Witte. This organ, with its 2,832 pipes, replaced the original organ from 1545, which was heavily damaged during the Iconoclasts. The smaller north aisle organ, also built by Witte in 1873, was originally housed in the now-demolished Schoolstraat Church. Additionally, a cabinet organ from the second half of the 18th century, gifted by the local student community, resides in the choir.

The Graves

Oude Kerk is not just an architectural marvel but also a resting place for many notable figures. Among the approximately 400 people buried here are prominent individuals such as the scientist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, the naval heroes Piet Hein and Maarten Tromp, and the renowned painter Johannes Vermeer. The grand monuments of Piet Hein and Maarten Tromp, commissioned by the States General and still owned by the Dutch government, are particularly noteworthy.

A Living Church

Despite its ancient origins, Oude Kerk remains an active place of worship, hosting services on Sundays and Christian holidays. Its location between the Oude Delft and Voorstraat canals adds to its picturesque setting, making it a must-visit for anyone exploring the charming city of Delft.

In conclusion, Oude Kerk is more than just a historic building; it is a testament to the enduring spirit of Delft. Its walls tell stories of centuries past, from architectural innovations and religious transformations to the lives of the notable figures who rest within its grounds. A visit to Oude Kerk is a journey through time, offering a glimpse into the rich tapestry of Dutch history and culture.