St. Ambrose Cathedral

St. Ambrose Cathedral, nestled in the heart of downtown Des Moines, Iowa, is a beacon of historical and architectural splendor. This magnificent structure serves not only as a parish church but also as the seat of the Diocese of Des Moines in the Catholic Church. Its storied past and striking Romanesque Revival architecture make it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and architecture aficionados alike.

The Early Years of St. Ambrose Parish

The origins of St. Ambrose Cathedral trace back to the mid-19th century when the first Mass in what would become Des Moines was celebrated in a humble log hut at Fort Des Moines in 1851. The early years saw a series of visiting priests ministering to the fledgling Catholic community. In 1856, the first St. Ambrose Church was constructed, a modest wooden structure built by the Rev. George Plathe. As Des Moines grew, so did the parish, necessitating the construction of a larger stone church in 1865, which featured the distinctive Gothic Revival architecture of the time.

The Birth of the Cathedral

The present St. Ambrose Cathedral was conceived in the late 19th century under the guidance of the Rev. Michael Flavin. Construction began in 1890, and by the following year, the cathedral was completed at a cost of approximately $120,000. The architectural genius behind this grand edifice was James J. Egan of Chicago, who simultaneously worked on the Sacred Heart Cathedral in Davenport. The cathedral was dedicated on October 11, 1891, by Bishop Henry Cosgrove, marking the beginning of its role as a spiritual and community hub in Des Moines.

A Journey Through Time

As you step into St. Ambrose Cathedral, you embark on a journey through time. The cathedral has undergone several renovations to preserve its beauty and enhance its functionality. In the 1920s, Bishop Thomas Drumm and pastor Francis O'Connell spearheaded a significant renovation project. This included the construction of the present rectory, a new bishop's throne, pulpit, and communion rail, as well as the addition of the Chapel of Our Lady. The 1940s saw further enhancements, including the installation of stained glass windows and the Stations of the Cross, which add a vibrant and contemplative atmosphere to the interior.

Architectural Marvel

St. Ambrose Cathedral is a masterpiece of Romanesque Revival architecture, reminiscent of the historic churches of southern France. The Bedford limestone structure, measuring 185 by 102 feet, boasts a prominent main entrance framed by a round arch and triangular pediment. Above the entrance, four elongated round-arched windows are separated by Corinthian columns, adding a touch of classical elegance. The bell tower, rising to a height of 120 feet, is a striking feature, composed of five sections differentiated by changes in stonework and crowned with a pyramid-shaped spire.

Inside, the cathedral's open expanse, free of pillars, is a testament to Egan's architectural prowess. The barrel vault ceiling soars to a height of 50 feet, creating a sense of grandeur and openness. The windows, featuring translucent mosaics, depict the establishment of the Catholic faith in the United States, Iowa, and the Diocese of Des Moines. These unique windows depart from traditional Biblical themes, offering a distinctive narrative through their vibrant imagery.

The Rectory

Adjacent to the cathedral is the rectory, a three-story structure designed to complement the cathedral's Romanesque Revival style. Built of stone and brick, the rectory features a gabled roof parallel to that of the cathedral. The main façade is adorned with a row of round-arch windows on the second floor, framed by an arch and engaged columns above the entrance. A semi-circular staircase on the east elevation adds a touch of architectural charm. The rectory is connected to the cathedral by an arcade in the back, creating a seamless blend of ecclesiastical and residential spaces.

A Place of Community and Worship

St. Ambrose Cathedral is more than just an architectural marvel; it is a vibrant center of community and worship. Throughout its history, it has played a pivotal role in the spiritual life of Des Moines. In the spirit of ecumenism, the cathedral has opened its doors to significant events, such as the episcopal consecration of the Rt. Rev. Walter Righter as the bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Iowa in 1979. This event, attended by representatives from various Christian denominations and a Jewish Rabbi, underscores the cathedral's commitment to fostering unity and understanding among diverse faith communities.

Preserving the Legacy

The cathedral's dedication to preserving its legacy is evident in the meticulous renovations undertaken over the years. The 1970s saw a major renovation led by Bishop Maurice Dingman, aimed at creating a better liturgical environment and addressing structural repairs. This comprehensive project involved extensive research into liturgy and church architecture, with input from the entire diocese. The result was a beautifully restored cathedral that continues to inspire awe and reverence among visitors and parishioners alike.

In conclusion, St. Ambrose Cathedral stands as a testament to the enduring faith and resilience of the Catholic community in Des Moines. Its rich history, stunning architecture, and commitment to fostering unity make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the city. Whether you are drawn by its historical significance, architectural beauty, or spiritual ambiance, St. Ambrose Cathedral promises an unforgettable experience that will leave a lasting impression on your heart and mind.