Great Synagogue of Deventer

The Great Synagogue of Deventer, known locally as Grote Synagoge van Deventer, is a captivating historical and architectural gem nestled in the heart of Deventer, Netherlands. This splendid building, with its rich history and striking design, offers visitors a unique glimpse into the cultural and religious heritage of the Jewish community in the region.

The History of the Great Synagogue of Deventer

The Great Synagogue of Deventer was constructed in 1892, designed by the renowned architect J.A. Mulock Houwer. Houwer, who served as the 'Bouwmeester der gemeente Deventer' (Master Builder of the Municipality of Deventer) from 1882 to 1900, infused the structure with a blend of neorenaissance and Spanish-Moorish styles. The synagogue replaced an older synagogue located just a few dozen meters away on Roggestraat 3, which now houses the Etty Hillesum Center, named after a notable Jewish figure from Deventer who perished during the Holocaust.

The synagogue's architecture is a feast for the eyes, featuring intricate brickwork, minaret-like turrets, and a striking facade adorned with a large Star of David. The iron fence at the front adds to the building's grandeur. This architectural marvel served the Jewish community of Deventer until the dark days of World War II.

World War II and Its Aftermath

During World War II, the synagogue suffered significant damage. On July 25, 1941, a group of NSB members vandalized much of the Jewish elements of the interior. The Jewish community of Deventer was decimated during the Holocaust, with many members being deported to concentration camps.

After the war, the remaining Jewish community members restored the synagogue, and it was rededicated in June 1947. However, the building proved too large for the diminished congregation, and services were moved to a smaller location on Lange Bisschopstraat 19 in 1952. The synagogue was then sold to the local Christian Reformed Church, which used it for worship until 2010.

Revival and Modern Use

In 2010, the building found new life when it was rented by the Masorti Jewish community of Beth Shoshanna. They reinstated the synagogue's religious function, adding an aron hakodesj (holy ark) and placing a Torah scroll in 2014 during a dedication ceremony attended by local dignitaries and community leaders. The synagogue also became part of the 'Saturday Afternoon Concerts Deventer' program, hosting various cultural events.

However, in 2018, the synagogue faced another transition. The building was sold to a local entrepreneur who planned to convert it into a food hall. This plan was ultimately rejected by the municipality due to zoning regulations and the building's protected status as a national monument. Despite the setback, the Jewish community moved to a new location in the former synagogue of Raalte.

Architectural Highlights

The Great Synagogue of Deventer is a visual delight, with its neorenaissance and Spanish-Moorish elements creating a unique and captivating facade. The minaret-like turrets, once topped with crescent moons, and the large Star of David above the entrance are standout features. The interior still retains many original elements, including the high women's gallery, chandelier, and various architectural details that harken back to its original design.

Visitors can appreciate the synagogue's historical significance and architectural beauty, making it a must-see attraction in Deventer. The building occasionally hosts concerts and choir performances, adding to its cultural significance and providing a unique venue for artistic expression.

Preservation Efforts

The Great Synagogue of Deventer is a designated national monument, reflecting its historical and cultural importance. Preservation efforts are ongoing, with local organizations advocating for a suitable and respectful use of the building that honors its Jewish heritage. In 2022, discussions were still underway to find a fitting purpose for this architectural treasure.

In 2024, a permit was requested to establish a pool center within the building, a proposal met with opposition from a foundation dedicated to protecting Jewish cultural heritage in Deventer. The foundation aims to ensure that any future use of the synagogue respects its historical significance and preserves its unique character.

In conclusion, the Great Synagogue of Deventer is not just an architectural marvel but a testament to the resilience and enduring spirit of the Jewish community in Deventer. Its rich history, striking design, and ongoing preservation efforts make it a fascinating destination for anyone interested in history, architecture, and cultural heritage. Whether you're a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or a curious traveler, the Great Synagogue of Deventer offers a unique and enriching experience that shouldn't be missed.