Synagogue, Enschede

The Synagogue in Enschede, known locally as Synagoge in Enschede, stands as a testament to the rich Jewish heritage and history of this Dutch city. A striking architectural marvel, the Synagogue is not only a place of worship but also a symbol of resilience and cultural significance. Nestled on the Prinsestraat, this magnificent structure, designed by architects Anthonie Pieter Smits and Cornelis van de Linde, is a must-visit for anyone exploring Enschede.

The Architectural Splendor

Completed in 1928, the Synagogue in Enschede is celebrated for its contemporary architectural language. The design, based on an earlier plan by Karel de Bazel for a synagogue on Visserijstraat, reflects a harmonious blend of traditional and modern elements. The building's distinctive dome, flanked by smaller domes, creates a commanding presence. The intricate brickwork, coupled with the elegant stained-glass windows, adds to the building's aesthetic appeal. The use of geometric patterns and the attention to detail in the masonry are particularly noteworthy, making the Synagogue a visual delight.

A Rich Historical Tapestry

The history of the Jewish community in Enschede dates back to 1730 when the first Jewish families settled in the city. Thanks to the liberal policies of the local Twentse drost, these families were granted permission to reside and practice their faith. The initial religious gatherings took place in the home of Hertog Barend and Beeltjen Frank. By 1772, a small synagogue was established on Walstraat, marking the beginning of a more formal Jewish presence in Enschede.

The community continued to grow, and in 1835, a synagogue on Achterstraat was inaugurated. However, a devastating fire in 1862 destroyed this building, leading to the construction of a temporary wooden synagogue on Gronausestraat. With generous donations from local and international benefactors, including Baron van Twickel and Prince Hendrik, a new synagogue was built and consecrated in 1865.

By the early 20th century, the Jewish community had expanded significantly, necessitating the construction of a larger synagogue. Under the leadership of Jacob Rozendaal, the decision was made to build the current Synagogue on Prinsestraat. The new building, completed in 1928, could accommodate 600 worshippers and was inaugurated by Chief Rabbi Hirsch. The stunning stained-glass windows and mosaics were designed by Lambert Lourijsen, adding to the Synagogue's artistic heritage.

The Dark Days of World War II

The Synagogue in Enschede, like many Jewish institutions, faced dark times during World War II. In September 1941, a raid in Enschede and other parts of Twente led to the deportation of 105 Jewish men to Mauthausen. Tragically, 700 of the 1200 members of the Jewish community perished during the Holocaust. A plaque above the entrance to the prayer hall commemorates these victims.

During the war, the Synagogue building was requisitioned by the Sicherheitsdienst, the Nazi security service. Ironically, this use by the occupiers ensured the building's survival. After the war, the Synagogue was restored to its original purpose as a place of worship for the Jewish community.

Modern-Day Significance

In more recent times, the Synagogue has continued to play a vital role in the cultural and religious life of Enschede. In 1987, the theft of sacred silverware shocked the community. Fortunately, the stolen items were recognized by a collector of Judaica and returned to the Synagogue. In 1996, artist Annemiek Punt meticulously reconstructed and restored the 100 square meters of stained-glass windows, preserving the Synagogue's artistic legacy.

Between 2001 and 2004, a significant restoration project was undertaken to preserve the entire building. The restoration work ensured that the original style and features of the Synagogue were maintained and, where necessary, restored to their former glory. Today, the building is managed and maintained by the Nederlands Israëlitische Gemeente Twente, while the Stichting Vrienden van de Synagoge Enschede (Friends of the Synagogue Enschede Foundation) organizes tours, cultural events, and public access to this historic site.

Visiting the Synagogue

A visit to the Synagogue in Enschede offers a unique opportunity to explore the rich history and cultural heritage of the Jewish community in this Dutch city. The building's stunning architecture, combined with its poignant history, provides a deeply moving experience. Guided tours are available, offering insights into the Synagogue's history, architecture, and the stories of the people who have worshipped there over the centuries.

Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, the Synagogue in Enschede is a fascinating destination. It stands as a powerful reminder of the resilience and enduring spirit of the Jewish community in the Netherlands, making it an essential stop on any tour of Enschede.