Marktkirche

In the bustling heart of Essen’s city center, amidst the clamor of modernity, stands a testament to the city’s rich historical tapestry—the Marktkirche. Known as the Gertrudiskirche until the late 19th century, this church has been a silent witness to centuries of economic, political, and religious evolution. Located at the original Essen marketplace, it was once the epicenter of the city’s life. Today, it remains a cherished landmark, offering a serene escape and a glimpse into the past.

The Historical Roots of Marktkirche

The Marktkirche’s origins can be traced back to the early 11th century. The first documented mention of the church is found in the will of Abbess Theophanu, who decreed that candles should be lit in her memory at the altar of Saint Gertrude. The dedication to Saint Gertrude of Nivelles was a nod to Theophanu’s familial ties, as her sister Adelheid was the abbess at the Nivelles Abbey. It is believed that the initial construction of the church began around 1043, serving as a spiritual haven for the market traders.

Throughout the Middle Ages, the church was an integral part of the Essen Cathedral’s liturgical processions. It became the parish church for the southern part of the city following the division of Essen into two parishes. The first recorded reference to the church as the Marktkirche dates back to the 14th century. During this period, it also served as a venue for the city council’s elections and meetings.

A Beacon of Protestant Reformation

The Marktkirche gained significant prominence in 1543 when the citizens of Essen occupied it, demanding the appointment of a Protestant preacher. This marked the beginning of a tumultuous period, with the city council eventually prevailing in 1563. Conflicts with the abbesses ensued, both religious and political. On April 28, 1563, Pastor Heinrich Barenbroch delivered the first Protestant sermon in the Holy Spirit Chapel. Shortly thereafter, he administered the first Protestant communion in the Gertrudiskirche. Barenbroch, the reformer of Essen, was laid to rest in the choir of the church upon his death in 1587.

Despite a brief reinstatement of Catholic services during the Spanish occupation under Abbess Maria Clara von Spaur, Protestant worship resumed in 1630. Since then, the church has remained a Protestant stronghold.

Architectural Transformations and Resilience

Over the centuries, the Marktkirche has undergone numerous transformations. In 1786, a small vestibule was added to the southern nave. Extensive renovations in 1871 and 1872 gave the church’s interior a fresh look, with new stained glass windows donated by Gustav Ernst Waldthausen. The church suffered its first mining-related damages in the late 19th century, necessitating further repairs.

The Second World War brought unparalleled destruction to the Marktkirche. The once grand three-aisled hall church was reduced to rubble, with only the outer walls and two bays remaining. The tower had largely collapsed. Initially deemed an obstacle to urban planning, the church’s reconstruction was uncertain. However, through the efforts of city planning director Sturm Kegel, a partial rebuild was achieved. The two eastern bays were restored as a church, while the remaining structure was demolished. The roof and spire were altered, resulting in a significantly different silhouette from the original.

A Modern Revival

In 2006, architect Eckhard Gerber reimagined the Marktkirche, adding a new west choir made of striking blue glass. The former western portals were relocated to the gallery, blending the ancient with the contemporary. Since September 2006, the Evangelical Church has operated a central church re-entry point in the Marktkirche, welcoming those looking to reconnect with their faith.

The Organ and Musical Heritage

The Marktkirche once housed an organ built by the Georg Stahlhuth company. This instrument was later sold and replaced by a digital organ from Ewald Kienle, featuring 26 registers across two manuals and a pedal. The organ’s couplings include II/I, I/P, and II/P, ensuring a rich and versatile musical experience for worshippers and visitors alike.

In conclusion, the Marktkirche in Essen is more than just a church; it is a symbol of resilience, transformation, and community. Its walls echo with the prayers and hymns of centuries past, while its modern additions speak to a bright future. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply seeking a moment of peace, the Marktkirche invites you to step inside and become a part of its enduring story.