Bosco Littorio

Hidden amidst the lush coastal vegetation of Gela, Sicily, lies a treasure trove of ancient history: the Bosco Littorio. Officially known as the Area archeologica demaniale Bosco Littorio, this archaeological site offers a fascinating glimpse into the past, preserving the remnants of a Greek emporium that dates back to between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. This enchanting site, once a popular summer retreat for locals, now stands as a protected area open to curious visitors eager to explore its secrets.

The Enigmatic History of Bosco Littorio

The story of Bosco Littorio is steeped in history and intrigue. The area gained its current name during the Fascist era in Italy. Up until the 1970s, it served as a beloved spot for the residents of Gela to cool off during the hot summer months and enjoy the nearby sea. However, it also attracted tomb raiders who would dig up and steal ancient artifacts buried in the sands.

In 1983, archaeological excavations began in earnest, revealing the existence of an ancient Greek emporium. By 1992, the site had been designated as state property under the jurisdiction of the Soprintendenza of Caltanissetta, with its Gela office located within the area. The wooded region, now freely accessible to the public, has been fenced off and protected by the Sicilian Forestry Corps. Since May 29, 2009, the archaeological site has been open for visits, inviting history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike to delve into its past.

The Archaic Emporium

The heart of Bosco Littorio is the Archaic Emporium, a sprawling complex of structures that once formed a bustling district. This area extended from the ancient port by the sea to the acropolis, now known as Molino a Vento hill, of the ancient Greek city of Ghélas. Bordered by the Gela River to the southeast, the emporium consists of numerous buildings with regular quadrangular rooms. Some walls still stand over two meters high, bearing traces of the original roof beams and interior plaster.

One particularly well-preserved structure features an intact entrance door complete with jambs and lintel. The walls were constructed using sun-dried mud bricks, likely mass-produced given their uniform size of approximately 60 x 60 x 15 cm. The district's initial phase of life dates back to the founding of the Greek colony in the 8th century BC. It flourished in the 6th century until its destruction around 480 BC, possibly due to a natural disaster such as a tsunami, evidenced by the collapsed walls of several rooms. A subsequent phase of activity is marked by the celebration of ritual banquets atop the ruins of the archaic quarter.

Unearthing Treasures

The discovery of the site occurred during construction work for a planned municipal nursery. Upon receiving a tip-off, the work was halted, and the construction site was relocated to a safer area. In December 1999, further excavations west of Bosco Littorio, led by Superintendent Rosalba Panvini and archaeologist Lavinia Sole, unearthed three terracotta altars dating to 490-480 BC. These altars, adorned with mythological figures in relief, include depictions of the Gorgon Medusa with her children Pegasus and Chrysaor, the goddess Eos abducting Thanatos, and a triad of unidentified female figures. These altars are now displayed in the Regional Archaeological Museum of Gela.

A new cycle of excavation campaigns commenced in November 2007 to construct a new cover for the site, concluding in September of the following year. This work coincided with the recovery of archaic ships found off the coast. Scholars consider the emporium and the ships to be part of a single research subject, likely linked by the same catastrophic event. The site was inaugurated for public access during a three-day event titled Traffics, Trades, and Distribution Routes in the Mediterranean from Prehistory to the 5th Century BC on May 27-29, 2009.

Visiting Bosco Littorio

Today, visitors to Bosco Littorio can wander through the shaded paths of this verdant archaeological haven, exploring the remnants of ancient structures that whisper tales of a bygone era. Plans are underway to establish the Sea Museum within the area, which will house the Greek ship of Gela, dating back to the 5th century BC. This future addition promises to further enrich the experience, offering a tangible connection to the maritime history of the region.

Whether you're a history buff, an archaeology enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, Bosco Littorio offers a unique and captivating journey into the ancient world. Its serene setting, combined with the rich historical context, makes it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the cultural treasures of Sicily. So, take a step back in time and immerse yourself in the fascinating history of Bosco Littorio – a hidden gem on the Sicilian coast.