New Tavern Fort

New Tavern Fort in Gravesend, Kent, is a fascinating historical site brimming with stories from the past. This well-preserved artillery fort, dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries, offers visitors a unique glimpse into the defensive strategies employed to protect the Thames during times of conflict. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a military buff, or simply looking for a picturesque spot to explore, New Tavern Fort promises a memorable experience.

The Historical Significance of New Tavern Fort

New Tavern Fort's origins can be traced back to the American War of Independence. It was constructed between 1780 and 1783 to guard the Thames against potential French and Spanish raiders who supported the fledgling United States of America. The fort was strategically placed to work in tandem with the older Tilbury Fort across the river, creating a formidable defensive barrier.

Throughout the 19th century, the fort underwent several significant reconstructions to adapt to the evolving threats of the time. The advent of iron-clad warships necessitated upgrades to the fort's armaments and structure. By the start of the 20th century, the Thames defences had been moved further downriver, and New Tavern Fort was disarmed. Its grounds were transformed into public pleasure gardens, but the fort was briefly recommissioned during the Second World War.

Exploring the Ramparts and Emplacements

One of the most striking features of New Tavern Fort is its broad earthen rampart, constructed in a zig-zag pattern with a wide ditch in front. This design was intended to maximize defensive capabilities. The ramparts are divided into three sectors: the North Face, the Garden Face, and the East Face, each with its unique characteristics and historical significance.

The North Face contains two concrete semi-circular emplacements, which housed 6-inch breech-loading guns installed in 1904. These emplacements remain occupied by similar guns today, making New Tavern Fort the only site in the UK with a fully re-armed two-gun 6-inch battery for breech-loading guns.

The Garden Face, named for its proximity to the fort's interior gardens, features four brick emplacements built between 1868 and 1872. These emplacements were designed to house rifled muzzle loader (RML) guns. One of the emplacements is protected by a thick iron shield, while the others have open embrasures. Visitors can still see the rails on which the guns traversed and access the ammunition shafts that supplied the guns from the magazine below.

The East Face includes two small brick emplacements constructed in the 1860s. These emplacements originally housed traversing guns that fired en barbette, providing a robust line of defence along the river.

The Intriguing Magazines and Other Features

Delving beneath the ramparts, visitors can explore the extensive network of magazines and tunnels that supported the fort's defensive operations. The entrance to the magazines is located in the middle rampart, leading to a 600-foot-long brick tunnel that zig-zags under the fort. This tunnel connects sixteen storage rooms, known as expense magazines, which stored cartridges and shells. Ammunition lifts linked these magazines to the gun positions above, ensuring a steady supply of munitions during times of conflict.

Safety was paramount in the magazine areas. Workers wore special slippers and clothing to prevent sparks, and safety lighting was provided from behind glass screens. Today, parts of the magazines have been refurbished with informative displays illustrating their historical use and the military history of Gravesend. These areas are open to the public on summer weekends, offering a fascinating insight into the fort's operational past.

In front of the ramparts lies a wide ditch, originally intended as an obstacle for attacking infantry. This area has since been transformed into a nature area filled with ornamental plants, pools, and paths, creating a tranquil contrast to the fort's martial history.

The Enchanting Grounds and Milton Chantry

The interior of New Tavern Fort, once a parade ground, is now a beautifully landscaped area featuring a grass-covered lawn, flowerbeds, trees, and ornamental bushes. At the centre of this picturesque setting stands a charming bandstand, adding to the fort's appeal as a public space.

One of the most significant surviving structures within the fort is the medieval Milton Chantry. This historic building, the oldest in Gravesend, was incorporated into the fort's perimeter and used as a barracks. Today, it stands as a testament to the fort's long and varied history.

A Visit to Remember

New Tavern Fort is more than just a historical site; it's a journey through time. From its origins during the American War of Independence to its role in the Second World War, the fort's story is rich with intrigue and significance. As you explore its ramparts, emplacements, and magazines, you'll gain a deeper understanding of the defensive strategies that once protected the Thames and the people who served here.

Whether you're strolling through the tranquil gardens, delving into the underground magazines, or simply soaking in the views of the Thames, a visit to New Tavern Fort offers a unique and enriching experience. This hidden gem in Gravesend is a must-visit for anyone interested in Britain's military history and the enduring legacy of its coastal defences.