Nestled in the picturesque town of Herisau, in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Switzerland, the Reformed church, known locally as Reformierte Kirche, stands as a testament to the region's rich history and architectural evolution. This charming church, a cultural landmark of national significance, invites visitors to explore its storied past and admire its architectural beauty.
The roots of the Reformed church in Herisau stretch back over a millennium, with the first mention of a church in the area dating to 907 AD. Originally dedicated to the Holy Savior, the church's parish once encompassed the entire Appenzeller hinterland. In 1225, a new church was consecrated by the Bishop of St. Gallen, Rudolf von Güttingen, marking the beginning of its enduring presence on this sacred site.
As the centuries unfolded, the church witnessed significant transformations. Between 1516 and 1520, just before the Reformation swept through the region, the church was rebuilt in the late Gothic style under the guidance of master builder Lorenz Rieder. Herisau was the last parish in Appenzell Ausserrhoden to join the Reformation in 1529, marking a pivotal moment in its religious history.
However, disaster struck in 1559 when a fire ravaged Herisau, consuming much of the town, including the church. The resilient community rebuilt it in 1606, with architects Jakob Mittelholzer and Kaspar Germann at the helm. In 1741, the renowned builder Johannes Grubenmann added a distinctive octagonal spire to the tower, enhancing its silhouette against the Swiss sky.
The Reformed church underwent a significant transformation between 1782 and 1783 when architect Andreas Moosbrugger infused it with the elegance of the Rococo style. The wooden ceiling was replaced with a plaster vault adorned with intricate stucco work, adding an air of sophistication to the interior. Local craftsman Hans Jakob Knellwolf contributed an elegant gallery along the west and north sides of the church, further enhancing its grandeur.
In the early 20th century, the church embraced the Neo-Gothic style during a renovation in 1906, blending historical elements with contemporary tastes. A thorough restoration from 1959 to 1960 sought to honor the church's architectural heritage, ensuring that it remained a beacon of historical continuity and artistic expression.
The church's organ, perched on the gallery above the entrance, is a masterpiece crafted by Orgelbau Kuhn in 1961. With 42 registers spread across three manuals and a pedal, it replaced an earlier Neo-Gothic instrument and has undergone several revisions to maintain its harmonious sound. A major renovation in 2022 ensured its continued prominence in the church's musical life.
The bell tower houses a remarkable set of six bells, with the most notable being the Herrgottsglocke, cast in 1756 by Franz Anton Grieshaber. This bell, weighing approximately 9,120 kg, is adorned with decorations designed by the sculptor Joseph Anton Feuchtmayer. Originally part of the Salem Monastery, it found a new home in Herisau after the monastery's dissolution in the early 19th century. The harmonious chimes of these bells continue to echo through the town, marking the passage of time.
A visit to the Reformed church reveals hidden gems, such as the St.-Anna-Kapelle, added during the 1516-20 renovation. Initially a pilgrimage chapel with its own altar, it was transformed into a baptismal chapel in 1959/60, featuring a striking stained-glass depiction of Jesus' baptism in the Jordan River.
Outside, a white marble memorial stone honors 21 members of the French Bourbaki army who were interned and passed away in Herisau. This poignant tribute underscores the church's role as a place of remembrance and reflection.
On the north side, a coat of arms stone featuring the Appenzeller bear and two keys recalls a moment of gratitude from Pope Julius II, who allowed the Appenzellers to incorporate the Vatican keys into their emblem after aiding in the defense of Rome in 1512.
Today, the Reformed church in Herisau stands as a vibrant testament to its rich history and cultural significance. It continues to serve as a place of worship, community gathering, and historical exploration. Visitors are invited to immerse themselves in its serene atmosphere, explore its architectural beauty, and reflect on the stories that have shaped this remarkable edifice.
Whether you're a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply seeking a moment of tranquility, the Reformed church in Herisau offers a captivating journey through time, where the past and present harmoniously coexist in the heart of Switzerland's enchanting landscape.
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