The Schwanenburg, or Swan Castle, stands majestically as the emblematic landmark of Kleve, a charming town in North Rhine-Westphalia near the Dutch border. This historic fortress, perched on a spur of the Lower Rhine Heights, dates back to the 11th century and has witnessed the ebb and flow of history, transforming from a medieval stronghold to a splendid Baroque palace.
The origins of Schwanenburg are enveloped in the mists of time, but it is widely believed that the castle was constructed by the Counts of Cleves around the 11th century. The earliest documented mention of a Count Dietrich I of Cleves in 1092 suggests that the castle may have been his ancestral seat. During this period, the construction of hilltop castles by the nobility was becoming increasingly common, and Schwanenburg was among the few such fortresses in the Lower Rhine region.
The castle's name, Schwanenburg, is derived from the weather vane in the shape of a large swan, a symbol that adorned the ducal coat of arms. The swan motif is also linked to the legendary Swan Knight, Helias, who is said to be an ancestor of the Counts of Cleves. This legend, along with the adoption of the carbuncle in their coat of arms in 1233, contributed to the castle's romantic and storied reputation.
In 1242, Count Dietrich IV founded the settlement of Kleve to the west of the castle and granted it city rights. Under the rule of the Counts Dietrich VII and Johann, Schwanenburg became the primary seat of power, replacing the nearby Monterberg Castle. The castle's significance continued to grow, and in 1368, when the male line of the Counts of Cleves died out, the castle and the county passed to the Counts of Mark. In 1417, Adolf II of Cleves-Mark was elevated to the rank of Duke of Cleves by Emperor Sigismund, marking the castle's rise in prominence.
The 16th century saw Schwanenburg at the zenith of its influence as the seat of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg. However, the ducal court often resided in Düsseldorf, Jülich, or Hambach, leaving Schwanenburg less frequently occupied. With the death of Duke Johann Wilhelm without an heir, the castle became part of the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1609, adding to its historical tapestry.
Today, Schwanenburg invites visitors to delve into its rich past and explore its architectural marvels. The castle's most striking feature is the Swan Tower, or Schwanenturm, which was constructed in the mid-15th century after the original keep collapsed. The tower, topped with a golden swan, offers breathtaking views over the surrounding landscape and the town of Kleve.
As you wander through the castle grounds, you'll encounter the Spiegelturm, or Mirror Tower, a square structure with a distinctive slate roof. This tower, which dates back to the 12th century, boasts a unique feature: a sophisticated medieval toilet system complete with water flushing and ventilation.
The castle's interior houses the Kleve Local Court and the Regional Court, but visitors can still explore several areas, including the geological collection in the Swan Tower. This fascinating exhibit showcases the region's geological history, adding another layer of interest to your visit.
In the mid-17th century, Schwanenburg underwent significant renovations under the direction of the Brandenburg governor Johann Moritz of Nassau-Siegen. The castle was transformed into a Baroque palace, with the addition of a monumental gateway adorned with the Brandenburg coat of arms, arcades in the courtyards, and other architectural elements that gave the castle its current appearance.
Despite the grandeur of these renovations, the castle's fortunes declined in the 18th century as the focus of the Prussian state shifted to Berlin and Potsdam. The castle was repurposed for administrative and judicial functions, a role it continues to fulfill to this day.
The 19th and 20th centuries saw efforts to preserve and restore Schwanenburg. The castle suffered significant damage during World War II, but dedicated local efforts led to its partial reconstruction. Today, the Friends of Schwanenburg continue to work tirelessly to maintain and restore this historic site, ensuring that its legacy endures for future generations.
A visit to Schwanenburg is a journey through time, offering a glimpse into the medieval and Baroque eras. The castle's picturesque setting, perched high above the town, provides stunning views and a sense of the strategic importance it once held. Whether you're a history enthusiast or simply looking for a beautiful and intriguing destination, Schwanenburg is a must-see.
As you explore the castle and its grounds, you'll uncover the layers of history that have shaped this remarkable landmark. From its legendary origins to its transformation into a Baroque palace, Schwanenburg stands as a testament to the enduring power and beauty of history.
Get your Tickets now!
With myCityHunt you can discover thousands of cities around the world in exciting scavenger hunts, treasure hunts and escape games!
myCityHunt vouchers are the perfect gift for many occasions! Surprise your friends and family with this extraordinary event gift. myCityHunt gift vouchers are valid for 2 years from the date of purchase and can be used within this period for a freely selectable city and tour from the myCityHunt portfolio.
Buy Gift Vouchers
