Ehemalige Synagoge Roßmühle, Korneuburg

Nestled in the charming town of Korneuburg, Austria, the Ehemalige Synagoge Roßmühle, originally known as Synagoge Korneuburg, stands as a poignant testament to the region's medieval Jewish heritage. This historic structure, with its storied past and architectural significance, invites visitors to step back in time and explore a crucial chapter of local history.

The Historical Significance of Ehemalige Synagoge Roßmühle

The Ehemalige Synagoge Roßmühle dates back to around 1325, nestled in a period when Korneuburg was home to a thriving Jewish community. This synagogue was more than just a place of worship; it was the heart of the community, serving as a center for religious, legal, and social gatherings. Funded by Aharon of Korneuburg and his son Isserl, the synagogue was a symbol of the vibrant Jewish life that once flourished here.

However, the peaceful coexistence was not to last. The synagogue's active life came to an abrupt halt during the expulsions of Jews from the Duchy of Austria in 1420/21. After the community's tragic end, the building took on a new life as a grain storage facility, a gift from Emperor Frederick III to the town in 1460. Over the centuries, it served various purposes, including as a warehouse for pottery and a horse-powered mill, known as a Roßmühle, which eventually lent its name to the building.

Architectural Features

Despite its varied uses and the ravages of time, the Ehemalige Synagoge Roßmühle retains much of its original architectural charm. The building is a striking example of medieval synagogue architecture, constructed from rubble stone in a slightly elongated rectangular shape. Measuring approximately 10.50 by 13.20 meters, it was one of the largest synagogues in Austria at the time, second only to the Alte Synagoge in Vienna.

The entrance, once located on the north side, is still visible through the remnants of a pointed arch. Inside, the main hall is a spacious room with two vaulted bays, reflecting the late Romanesque ribbed vaulting style that was influenced by Anglo-Norman architecture. The east and west walls are punctuated by rose windows, while the eastern wall, oriented towards Jerusalem, features a niche that once housed the Torah ark.

In keeping with orthodox Jewish tradition, the synagogue had separate spaces for men and women. The southern wall, now partially bricked up, once contained four openings with brick arches, providing a space for women to participate in services.

The Ruin and Preservation

In 1646, during the Thirty Years' War, the building was severely damaged during a siege to liberate the town from Swedish forces. It remained in ruins until 1766, when it was rebuilt as a storage facility. The structure endured further damage in 1942 when a storm destroyed its roof. Despite these challenges, the synagogue's historical value was recognized in 1980 when it was placed under monument protection.

In 2007, the current owner undertook restoration efforts, including adding a new roof and reinforcing the building's structure. However, modifications such as opening a gate in the eastern wall led to legal disputes with the Federal Monuments Office, highlighting the delicate balance between preservation and adaptation.

Visiting Ehemalige Synagoge Roßmühle

Today, the Ehemalige Synagoge Roßmühle stands as a silent witness to the past, inviting visitors to reflect on the rich tapestry of history woven into its walls. While the building itself is not open to the public, its exterior offers a glimpse into the architectural ingenuity and cultural significance of the medieval Jewish community in Korneuburg.

As you stroll through the quaint streets of Korneuburg, the synagogue's rugged stone façade serves as a reminder of the town's diverse heritage. The surrounding area, with its picturesque charm, provides a serene backdrop for contemplation and appreciation of the enduring legacy of the Jewish community that once called this place home.

In conclusion, the Ehemalige Synagoge Roßmühle is more than just an architectural relic; it is a symbol of resilience and a testament to the enduring spirit of a community that left an indelible mark on the cultural landscape of Korneuburg. Whether you're a history enthusiast or a curious traveler, a visit to this historic site offers a profound connection to the past and a deeper understanding of the region's rich heritage.