Abbey of St. Martin

Nestled in the charming town of Laon, France, the Abbey of St. Martin, known locally as Abbaye Saint-Martin de Laon, is a captivating destination that beckons history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike. This majestic abbey, with its soaring spires and intricate Gothic architecture, stands as a testament to the rich historical tapestry of the region. Its origins date back to the 12th century, and it has played a significant role in the religious and cultural life of Laon for centuries.

The History of the Abbey of St. Martin

The Abbey of St. Martin's history is shrouded in the mists of time, with its roots tracing back to the Carolingian period. The abbey's story begins in earnest in 1119 when Bishop Barthélemy de Jur invited Norbert of Xanten to reform the canons who had strayed from their canonical duties. When this endeavor proved unsuccessful, Norbert founded the Order of Premonstratensians (or Norbertines) in 1121, and by 1124, twelve canons from the Abbey of Prémontré replaced the previous inhabitants. This marked the beginning of a new era for the abbey, which soon became one of the primary houses of the Premonstratensian Order.

The abbey flourished under the Premonstratensians, and by 1136, it housed an impressive 500 brothers. This necessitated the expansion of the church to accommodate the growing community. The construction of the abbey church began with the nave and aisles between 1135 and 1150, followed by the vaulted choir between 1150 and 1160. The intricate vaulting of the nave and aisles was completed between 1190 and 1200, adding to the architectural splendor of the abbey. The western facade, a later addition, dates back to around 1270 and features a tympanum depicting the martyrdom of Saint Lawrence, whose relic arrived at the abbey around 1230.

Exploring the Abbey of St. Martin

Visitors to the Abbey of St. Martin are greeted by an awe-inspiring sight as they approach the grand entrance. The abbey's facade, adorned with intricate carvings and statues, sets the stage for the wonders that lie within. Stepping through the doors, one is immediately struck by the serene beauty of the interior. The nave, with its soaring arches and elegant columns, creates a sense of grandeur and reverence. The chancel, with its stunning vaulted ceilings and ornate altars, is a testament to the craftsmanship of the medieval builders.

A highlight of any visit to the abbey is the opportunity to explore the various chapels and niches that have been added over the centuries. These spaces, adorned with beautiful stained glass windows and religious iconography, offer a glimpse into the spiritual life of the abbey's inhabitants. The Chapel of Saint Lawrence, in particular, is of great historical significance, housing a relic of the saint that was brought to the abbey in the 13th century. This relic quickly gained renown, attracting pilgrims from far and wide and leading to the establishment of a fair in Saint Lawrence's honor.

The Abbey's Fortifications and Later History

In 1340, the abbey faced the threat of potential attacks, prompting Abbot Jean de Bruyères to fortify the monastery. These fortifications, while necessary for protection, also added to the abbey's imposing presence. The abbey continued to thrive, and in the early 18th century, significant renovations were undertaken. A new abbatial palace and a pavilion, known as the vide-bouteilles, were constructed between 1616 and 1621. Further reconstruction efforts in the mid-18th century saw the addition of a grand staircase and the rebuilding of the north-east tower in 1740.

The French Revolution brought significant changes to the abbey. The church became a parish church, and the other buildings were repurposed as a hospital in 1810. Unfortunately, a bombing raid in 1944 during World War II destroyed many of the surrounding buildings, leaving only the medieval gables of the cellar and refectory exposed. Despite these challenges, the abbey has endured, and today it serves as a hospital and a library, continuing to play a vital role in the community.

The Legacy of the Abbey of St. Martin

The Abbey of St. Martin is not just a historical monument; it is a living testament to the resilience and enduring spirit of Laon. Its walls have witnessed centuries of change, from its origins as a Carolingian church to its transformation into a Premonstratensian abbey, and its survival through wars and revolutions. The abbey's legacy is also reflected in the relics it houses, including a fragment of the True Cross and the relic of Saint Lawrence, which continue to draw visitors and pilgrims to this day.

In conclusion, the Abbey of St. Martin in Laon is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in history, architecture, and spirituality. Its rich heritage, stunning architecture, and serene atmosphere make it a place of profound beauty and significance. Whether you are exploring the intricacies of its vaulted ceilings, marveling at its stained glass windows, or simply soaking in the peaceful ambiance, a visit to the Abbey of St. Martin is an unforgettable experience that will leave you with a deep appreciation for the history and culture of this remarkable place.