Basilica of St. Mary of Collemaggio

Situated just outside the ancient walls of L'Aquila, the Basilica of St. Mary of Collemaggio (Basilica di Santa Maria di Collemaggio) stands as a testament to the rich history and architectural splendor of the Abruzzo region. Founded in 1288 by Pietro da Morrone, who would later become Pope Celestine V, this iconic basilica is not only a symbol of the city but also a masterpiece of Abruzzese architecture.

The Origins of the Basilica

Before the construction of the Basilica of St. Mary of Collemaggio, the site was likely occupied by defensive structures and a religious building known as the Church of Santa Maria dell'Assunzione. It was in this humble church that Pietro da Morrone, on his way to the Second Council of Lyon in the 1270s, found refuge and experienced a divine vision. According to tradition, the Virgin Mary appeared to him in a dream, requesting the construction of a church dedicated to her.

The project took shape in 1287 when the Celestine monks acquired the land and began the construction of the basilica. The church was consecrated on August 25, 1288, in a grand ceremony attended by eight bishops, even though the building was still under construction. The original structure is believed to have featured five apses, a design that would later be simplified in subsequent renovations.

The Coronation of Pope Celestine V

A pivotal moment in the basilica's history occurred on July 5, 1294, when Pietro da Morrone was unexpectedly elected pope. Initially reluctant, he eventually accepted the position and was crowned Pope Celestine V on August 29, 1294, within the very walls of the basilica he had founded. This event marked the first time a pope was crowned outside of Rome, adding to the basilica's historical significance.

Despite his brief papacy, Celestine V's legacy endured. After only four months, he abdicated and attempted to return to his hermit life, only to be captured and imprisoned, where he died in 1296. His remains were initially buried in Ferentino but were later transferred to the Basilica of St. Mary of Collemaggio in 1327, where they are now enshrined in a mausoleum crafted by Girolamo da Vicenza in 1517.

Architectural Evolution and Restoration

The basilica has undergone numerous modifications over the centuries, primarily due to damage from frequent earthquakes. The original grand design was scaled down, and the church we see today features a blend of different architectural styles, reflecting its long and tumultuous history. The façade, completed in the 15th century, is a striking example of Abruzzese architecture, with its intricate geometric patterns and rose windows.

Significant restoration efforts were undertaken following the devastating earthquake of 2009. The basilica was consolidated and restored, with the work completed in 2017. These efforts were recognized with the European Union's Cultural Heritage Award in 2020, highlighting the basilica's importance as a cultural and historical landmark.

The Celestinian Pardon and the Holy Door

One of the basilica's most unique features is its role in the annual Celestinian Pardon (Perdonanza Celestiniana), the first jubilee in history, instituted by Celestine V in 1294. This event, now recognized by UNESCO as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, includes the opening of the Holy Door (Porta Santa) on the side façade of the basilica. Pilgrims from around the world visit the basilica to pass through this door, seeking forgiveness and spiritual renewal.

Exploring the Basilica

Visitors to the Basilica of St. Mary of Collemaggio are greeted by its stunning façade, adorned with pink and white stone arranged in intricate patterns. The central rose window and the ornate main portal are particularly noteworthy, showcasing the craftsmanship of the period. Inside, the basilica's three naves are lined with chapels and adorned with frescoes that tell the story of its rich history.

The mausoleum of Celestine V is a focal point within the basilica, drawing visitors who wish to pay their respects to the humble hermit who became pope. The tomb, made of intricately carved stone, is a masterpiece in itself, reflecting the reverence held for this historical figure.

The Basilica's Legacy

The Basilica of St. Mary of Collemaggio is more than just a religious building; it is a symbol of resilience and faith. Its walls have witnessed centuries of history, from the coronation of a pope to the trials of natural disasters. Today, it stands as a beacon of cultural heritage, drawing visitors from around the world to experience its beauty and history.

Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or a spiritual seeker, the Basilica of St. Mary of Collemaggio offers a profound and enriching experience. Its legacy continues to inspire and captivate, making it an essential destination for anyone visiting the picturesque city of L'Aquila.