Old City Hall

In the heart of Leipzig, a city renowned for its rich cultural heritage and vibrant history, stands the Old City Hall, or Altes Rathaus in German. This magnificent building, dominating the east side of the Markt square, is one of Germany’s most significant secular Renaissance structures. Its beauty, historical importance, and architectural grandeur make it a must-visit landmark for anyone exploring Leipzig.

The Architectural Marvel of the Old City Hall

The Old City Hall is a true testament to Renaissance architecture. Built in 1556/57 under the direction of the then-mayor Hieronymus Lotter, the building’s design is attributed to Paul Speck and later Paul Widemann. With its two stories and an impressive length of over 300 feet, the structure is both grand and harmonious. The steep roof, adorned with a series of wall dormers, adds to its height and elegance, while the warm tones of Rochlitz porphyry and ocher plaster create a striking visual appeal.

One of the most distinctive features of the Old City Hall is its octagonal stair tower, which stands proudly on the market side next to the main portal. This tower not only adds to the building’s aesthetic charm but also provides a passage from the Markt to the Naschmarkt, a smaller market area at the rear. The main portal, flanked by Ionic columns and gaff heads representing the master builders, invites visitors into a world of historical significance and architectural splendor.

A Journey Through Time: The History of the Old City Hall

The history of the Old City Hall is as fascinating as its architecture. The site has been home to municipal buildings since the early 14th century. The current structure replaced an older town hall, which had become too small for the growing city of Leipzig. The new building, completed in just nine months, was a marvel of its time, reflecting the wealth and importance of Leipzig as a trade center.

Throughout the centuries, the Old City Hall has witnessed numerous historical events. It served as the seat of the city council, the Upper Court of Leipzig, and the Court of Aldermen. The building also housed the city’s archives and prison cells in its cellar. The large ceremonial hall, once the largest event venue in Leipzig, hosted public receptions, festivities, and even court sessions.

In the 18th century, the tower was raised by 2.8 meters in Baroque style, adding to the building’s grandeur. By the late 19th century, the Old City Hall had become too small for the booming city, leading to the construction of the New Town Hall. Despite discussions about demolishing the Old City Hall, it was preserved and renovated to serve as the Leipzig City History Museum.

Exploring the Old City Hall Today

Today, the Old City Hall is not just a historical monument but also a vibrant museum that offers a glimpse into Leipzig’s past. Visitors can explore the large ceremonial hall, the council chamber, and the late Baroque landscape room. The treasury, known as the Aerar, is another highlight, showcasing historical artifacts and treasures.

One of the most intriguing exhibits is the only authentic portrait of Johann Sebastian Bach, painted by Elias Gottlob Haussmann. Bach signed his certificate of employment as cantor at St. Thomas in the council chamber in 1723, making this portrait a significant piece of Leipzig’s musical heritage. The museum also features a scale model of Leipzig from 1823, providing a detailed look at the city’s layout and architecture during that period.

The Golden Ratio and Asymmetry

One of the fascinating aspects of the Old City Hall is its asymmetrical structure, which is divided according to the golden ratio. This unique design element is a hallmark of the German Renaissance and adds to the building’s aesthetic appeal. The tower, shifted slightly to the left, marks the proportions of the golden ratio, creating a harmonious balance despite the asymmetry.

The Circumferential Inscription

Encircling the top floor of the Old City Hall is an inscription in German and Latin, dating back to 1556. The inscription commemorates the building’s construction and praises the reign of Duke August I of Saxony. It reads: “IN THE YEAR MDLVI (1556) AFTER CHRIST OUR LORD'S BIRTH DURING THE REIGN OF THE MOST RIGHTY AND HIGH-BORN PRINCE AND LORD AUGUST I DUKE OF SAXONY OF THE H. ROM EMPIRE...” This historical text adds to the building’s charm, offering a glimpse into the past and the significance of the Old City Hall in Leipzig’s history.

A Living Monument

The Old City Hall is more than just a building; it is a living monument that tells the story of Leipzig’s rich history. From its Renaissance architecture to its role as a museum, the Old City Hall continues to captivate visitors with its beauty and historical significance. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to the Old City Hall is an unforgettable journey through time.