Wohnhaus

The Wohnhaus, also known locally as Sonnenhaus, is a stunning villa located in Lichtenfels, Bavaria, Germany. Built in 1914, this architectural gem stands proudly at Kronacher Straße 21, embodying the characteristics of the late Art Nouveau style. This historic villa has been a protected monument since 1994, and it continues to captivate visitors with its rich history, unique architecture, and cultural significance.

The Origins of the Wohnhaus

The Wohnhaus was commissioned by Otto Bamberger, a prominent merchant, entrepreneur, art collector, and patron based in Lichtenfels who had a significant international influence. Otto Bamberger, along with his family, resided in the villa from 1914 until 1933, with his relatives staying until 1938. The villa was designed by August Berger, a renowned architect and one of the most important representatives of the late Art Nouveau style in Upper Franconia. The construction of the villa was a significant event in Lichtenfels, as it became a cultural hub for the city, hosting regular literary evenings and attracting sculptors, graphic artists, painters, illustrators, literary figures, art historians, and industrialists.

Architectural Marvel

The Wohnhaus is a masterpiece of late Art Nouveau architecture. The villa is described as a one-story, gabled building with a distinctive frack roof, a polygonal bay window, and a dormer on the eaves side. While it appears to be a single-story structure from the west side due to the extended roof, the villa actually spans four levels: a half-underground basement, a raised ground floor, an upper floor, and an attic. The entrances on the south and east sides are accessed via eight-step staircases, and the north-side veranda, used for meals during the warmer months, can be served through a window from the adjacent kitchen.

Interior Splendor

The interior of the Wohnhaus is equally impressive, reflecting the Bambergers' interest in modern art, literature, philosophy, politics, architecture, and interior design. The entrance area and staircase are partially wood-paneled, with a robust wooden pillar at the base of the staircase, turned balusters, and a rounded stair base. The banister railings feature straight horizontal and vertical bars that continue in ascending and descending lines along the staircase. The hardwood handrails are ergonomically rounded and elegantly finished, while the wooden steps are fitted with a carpet runner secured by brass rods for sound insulation.

Stained Glass Windows

The villa's stained glass windows, created by the Coburg-based art glass company Bringmann and Schmidt, are a highlight of the Wohnhaus. These colorful leaded glass windows, typical of the late Art Nouveau period, feature floral ornaments, fruits, and blossoms. One window depicts a beardless Hermes figure standing on a globe, complete with a winged helmet, winged shoes, and a caduceus. Other windows showcase nature-themed motifs with female figures symbolizing flora and fauna, adding to the villa's artistic charm.

Bauhaus Influence

In 1926, Otto Bamberger commissioned Bauhaus designer Erich Dieckmann to completely redesign and furnish the interior of the Wohnhaus. This resulted in the villa being the only private building in Germany to be entirely equipped with Bauhaus furniture, lighting, and accessories. The transformation began with the library on the ground floor and was completed by Christmas 1932 with the daughter's room. The Bauhaus influence is evident in the minimalist and functional design of the furniture, which includes built-in cabinets, bookshelves, and other furnishings that remain in excellent condition to this day.

Cultural Significance

The Wohnhaus was not just a residence but a cultural epicenter in Lichtenfels. It hosted numerous guests and events, including literary evenings and gatherings of artists and intellectuals. However, during the Nazi era, the villa's cultural activities dwindled due to the anti-Semitic discrimination faced by the Bamberger family and their guests. Despite this, the villa's legacy as a cultural hub remains an integral part of its history.

A Visit to the Wohnhaus

Visiting the Wohnhaus offers a unique glimpse into the life and times of the Bamberger family and the cultural history of Lichtenfels. The villa's architecture, stained glass windows, and Bauhaus furnishings provide a fascinating insight into the artistic and architectural trends of the early 20th century. The well-preserved interior, including the functional built-in cabinets and high-quality parquet flooring, showcases the craftsmanship and attention to detail that went into the villa's design and construction.

In conclusion, the Wohnhaus, or Sonnenhaus, is not just a historic building; it is a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Lichtenfels and the enduring legacy of the Bamberger family. Its walls tell stories of artistic innovation, cultural gatherings, and a bygone era of architectural splendor. A visit to this remarkable villa is a journey through history, art, and culture, making it a must-see attraction for anyone visiting Lichtenfels.