Litewski Square in Lublin

Litewski Square in Lublin, known locally as Plac Litewski w Lublinie, is a vibrant and historically rich plaza located in the heart of Lublin, Poland. This expansive square, covering an area of approximately 35,000 square meters, serves as a central hub for both locals and visitors, hosting a variety of state ceremonies, public events, and leisurely activities. Its history, stretching back to the 16th century, is deeply intertwined with the city's development and the broader historical currents of Poland.

A Journey Through History

The origins of Litewski Square can be traced back to the 16th century when the area was traversed by a road leading to a bridge over the Czechówka River, connecting Lublin to the route towards Warsaw. Initially, this land belonged to the Radziwiłł family, and over the centuries, it changed hands several times, eventually becoming the property of the Lubomirski and Sanguszko families. By the early 19th century, the area was primarily used as a straw storage site.

In 1818, a significant transformation began. The hospital and church of the Brothers of Saint John of God, which had stood since the mid-18th century, were demolished. By 1823, Jan Stompf had overseen a major reconstruction, turning the area into a formal plaza named the Military Instruction Square. This name reflected its original purpose as a venue for military parades and drills.

A notable feature of the early square was a monument commemorating the Union of Lublin, a historic agreement between Poland and Lithuania in 1569. The initial monument, a brick obelisk, was destroyed during the demolition of the church, but in 1826, a new monument featuring a classical relief by Paweł Maliński was erected with the approval of the Russian authorities.

Architectural and Cultural Evolution

Between 1873 and 1876, the square saw the construction of an Orthodox church dedicated to the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. This church, with its distinctive architecture, featured five domes and a tall tower housing a bell from the demolished Church of Saint Michael the Archangel. Following the Austrian occupation of Lublin, the Orthodox church was converted into a garrison church, and surrounding buildings became the headquarters of the General Government authorities.

In 1918, the square was a focal point for significant political events, including the transfer of power from Austrian authorities and the formation of the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland. The early 20th century saw the demolition of the Orthodox church and the establishment of the square's current name, Litewski Square.

Throughout World War II and the subsequent communist era, the square underwent several name changes, reflecting the political climate of the times. Notably, it was renamed Adolf Hitler-Platz during the Nazi occupation and later, in the 1950s, was briefly known as Stalin Square. In 1945, a monument of gratitude to the Soviet Army was erected, which remained until the 1990s when it was dismantled.

Modern-Day Litewski Square

The turn of the 21st century brought renewed attention to Litewski Square. In 2009, minor cosmetic changes were made, but it wasn't until 2010 that a comprehensive revitalization plan was announced. This plan aimed to transform the square into a predominantly pedestrian area, enhancing its appeal and accessibility.

By 2017, the revitalization was complete. The project included the addition of modern water features, such as a complex fountain system with advanced control functions for water, light, sound, lasers, and projections. The surrounding green spaces were reimagined, and the historic spatial arrangement of the square was preserved. The revitalized Litewski Square reopened to the public in June 2017, offering a blend of historical charm and contemporary amenities.

Points of Interest

Visitors to Litewski Square can explore several notable landmarks and features. The monument to the Union of Lublin stands as a testament to the historic union between Poland and Lithuania. Nearby, the remnants of the former Orthodox church's foundations offer a glimpse into the square's architectural past.

One of the square's most iconic features was the baobab, a black poplar tree planted in the late 19th century to commemorate the January Uprising. Although the tree was removed in 2017 due to safety concerns, it remains a symbol of the square's rich history.

The square is also home to the monument to Marshal Józef Piłsudski, unveiled in 2001, which honors one of Poland's most revered national leaders. Additionally, the revitalized green spaces and modern fountains provide a serene environment for relaxation and social gatherings.

A Hub of Activity

Litewski Square is more than just a historical site; it is a vibrant hub of activity. Throughout the year, it hosts a variety of public events, from state ceremonies to cultural festivals and concerts. Its central location makes it a popular meeting place for locals and tourists alike.

Whether you're a history enthusiast, a culture seeker, or simply looking for a pleasant place to unwind, Litewski Square in Lublin offers something for everyone. Its blend of historical significance, architectural beauty, and modern amenities make it a must-visit destination in the heart of Lublin.