Collégiale de Neuchâtel

The Collégiale de Neuchâtel, also known as the Kollegiatkirche Neuenburg in the local language, is a magnificent 12th-century Protestant church perched on the castle hill of Neuchâtel in Switzerland. Overlooking the charming city of Neuchâtel, this architectural gem is a testament to the region's rich history and evolving architectural styles. Whether you're a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, the Collégiale de Neuchâtel offers a fascinating glimpse into the past and a serene escape from the bustling city below.

The Historical Tapestry of the Collégiale de Neuchâtel

The construction of the Collégiale de Neuchâtel began around 1190, initiated by Count Ulrich II and his wife, Berthe. The early construction focused on the choir, the chevet, the lower transept, and the eastern bays. By 1270-1280, the main construction was completed with the addition of the western gable of the nave and the porch. The base of the church is built in the Rhenish Romanesque style, characterized by its robust and sturdy appearance. However, as the construction progressed, the style evolved to reflect the Burgundian influence, most notably seen in the roof covered with glazed tiles, reminiscent of those found in Burgundy. The upper parts and the cloister showcase a Gothic style, adding to the church's architectural diversity.

The Cloister and Towers

The cloister, with its serene and contemplative atmosphere, is a highlight of the Collégiale de Neuchâtel. The original plans for the towers were only partially realized in the 13th century, with the south tower being constructed in the latter half of the century. It wasn't until the restoration by Léo Châtelain between 1867 and 1870 that the north tower was completed. During this restoration, neo-Gothic spires were added to the towers, inspired by the works of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, giving the church its distinctive silhouette.

The Impact of the Reformation

Before the Reformation, the church was dedicated to Our Lady and served by a chapter of twelve canons, though it likely started with six. One of the most notable canons was Saint Guillaume, who was venerated for his miraculous deeds, including the resurrection of stillborn children for baptism. His cult persisted until the Reformation.

The Reformation arrived in Neuchâtel in 1530, led by Guillaume Farel. Influenced by Farel's fervent iconoclasm, the bourgeoisie voted to adopt the Reformation, leading to the destruction of altars, paintings, and statues in the church. Despite this, some elements, such as the stained glass windows and mural paintings, survived. However, in the 17th century, the remaining Catholic symbols were removed in a wave of anti-Catholic sentiment.

The Monument of the Counts and Countesses of Neuchâtel

Within the Collégiale de Neuchâtel lies the Monument of the Counts and Countesses of Neuchâtel, also known as the cenotaph. This monument is dedicated to Count Louis of Neuchâtel and his family, featuring 14 polychrome statues and one monochrome statue. The central figure is Count Louis, surrounded by his three successive wives. The monument also includes two recumbent figures, believed to be the count's parents, Rodolphe IV and Éléonore of Savoy. The monument was constructed in 1372, as indicated by the Latin inscription.

Flanking the monument are four knights in armor, likely representing Count Louis's three sons and his son-in-law, the Count of Nidau. Two kneeling countesses, Isabelle and Varenne, are depicted in prayer. Isabelle, who became the countess in 1373, ruled until her death in 1395. The monument also features three additional knights, representing the Counts of Fribourg, who succeeded the Neuchâtel lineage. The only monochrome statue is of Rodolphe of Hochberg, the nephew and heir of Jean of Fribourg.

The monument underwent its first restoration in 1839-40 by Charles Frédéric Louis Marthe. A significant restoration in the late 20th century has preserved this masterpiece of medieval statuary. Since 2021, visitors can explore the monument through augmented reality with the Monumentissimo! app, developed by the Association of the Monument of the Counts and Countesses of Neuchâtel (AMCC).

Modern Restorations

From 2009 to 2013, the Collégiale de Neuchâtel underwent extensive restorations. Archaeological excavations were conducted in the cloister, and the exterior of the building was restored by 2012. The interior restoration followed, with the aim of preserving the church's historical integrity while enhancing its structural stability. These restorations have provided unique opportunities for guided tours, allowing visitors to explore areas typically inaccessible and observe intricate details of the church's sculptures.

In conclusion, the Collégiale de Neuchâtel is not just a historic monument; it is a living testament to the region's rich cultural and religious history. Its architectural evolution, from Romanesque to Gothic and neo-Gothic styles, reflects the changing tastes and influences over the centuries. Whether you are drawn by its historical significance, architectural beauty, or the serene atmosphere of its cloister, a visit to the Collégiale de Neuchâtel is sure to be a memorable experience.