Bedesten

Nestled in the heart of Nicosia, Cyprus, the Bedesten, also known locally as Μπεζεστένι, stands as a testament to the island's rich and varied history. This architectural gem, located in the Selimiye area of the northern part of the city, has served multiple purposes over the centuries, making it a fascinating site for history enthusiasts and curious tourists alike.

The Historical Tapestry of the Bedesten

The Bedesten's origins date back to the 6th century when it was initially constructed as a Christian church dedicated to the Virgin Hodegetria. Over the centuries, it underwent several transformations, reflecting the island's changing rulers and cultural influences. By the 12th century, the church was rededicated to Saint Nicholas, spurred by the discovery of a relief depicting the saint within the church premises.

During the Frankish and Venetian periods, the church was expanded and served as the metropolitan church for Orthodox Christians in the region. However, the most significant transformation came in 1570 when the Ottoman Empire seized Cyprus. The Ottomans converted the church into a covered market, or bedesten, a term derived from the Turkish word bedestan, meaning a covered market for textiles. This period also saw the building being used as a grain storage facility at times.

With the British occupation of Cyprus in 1878, the Bedesten's fate hung in the balance. Though the British considered various uses for the building, they ultimately abandoned their plans due to the high cost of repairs and the complexities of Islamic law, which governed the building's ownership and use. Today, the Bedesten is recognized as a medieval archaeological monument, offering a glimpse into the island's layered past.

Architectural Marvels of the Bedesten

The Bedesten's architecture is a stunning blend of Byzantine and Gothic styles, with later additions reflecting Renaissance French, Venetian, and Spanish influences. The building's layout is primarily Byzantine, featuring a cross-in-square plan typical of the period. However, the high-ceilinged nave and pointed arches are distinctly Gothic, added by the Lusignans during their rule.

The building is divided into three aisles, separated by stone arches. The southern double aisle is a remnant of the original Byzantine church, while the central section is the oldest part of the structure. Inside, the walls are somewhat bare, as many icons, relics, and valuable objects were moved to other churches to protect them from potential Turkish invasions. Nevertheless, traces of Byzantine frescoes can still be seen, hinting at the building's former glory.

The northern exterior of the Bedesten is particularly noteworthy for its elaborate decorations and masonry. Three Gothic doors with intricate carvings adorn this facade, facing the front arches of the Selimiye Mosque. The entrance itself is through a richly decorated Gothic portal, featuring elements of Renaissance Italian architecture and a statue of Saint Nicholas. Coat of arms and various animal statuettes further embellish the entrance, adding to the building's historical and artistic significance.

The Bedesten's Modern Renaissance

From June 2004 to 2009, the Bedesten underwent a significant restoration project funded by the European Union and the Evkaf Administration, with the work carried out by the ITABC Institute of CNR. The restoration efforts focused on cleaning the building's walls and reinforcing the domes using traditional construction materials and techniques. The culmination of these efforts transformed the Bedesten into a cultural center, breathing new life into this historic structure.

In 2009, the restored Bedesten was awarded the Europa Nostra Award, recognizing the excellence of the restoration work. Today, the Bedesten hosts a variety of cultural events, including weekly dance performances and the Nicosia Jazz Festival, making it a vibrant hub of cultural activity in the city.

Visiting the Bedesten

A visit to the Bedesten offers a unique opportunity to explore a building that has witnessed the ebb and flow of Cyprus's history. As you step through its Gothic portal, you are transported back in time, surrounded by the echoes of centuries past. The building's architectural details, from the Byzantine frescoes to the Gothic arches, tell the story of a place that has adapted and endured through the ages.

Whether you are a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, the Bedesten is a must-visit site in Nicosia. Its rich history, stunning architecture, and vibrant cultural offerings make it a standout attraction in the city. So, take a step back in time and immerse yourself in the fascinating history of the Bedesten, a true gem in the heart of Nicosia.