Brücke

The Brücke, officially known as Alte Mainbrücke Ochsenfurt, is a magnificent stone bridge that gracefully arches over the Main River in Bavaria, Germany. This historic structure stands as a testament to medieval engineering and the rich history of the region, connecting the charming town of Ochsenfurt with the quaint district of Kleinochsenfurt. With its storied past and picturesque setting, the Brücke is a must-see for history enthusiasts and casual visitors alike.

The History of the Brücke

The origins of the Brücke date back to the early 12th century, with the first references to a wooden bridge appearing in 1133. By 1254, it was a vital crossing point on a trade and military route stretching from Lübeck to Augsburg. This wooden structure replaced an ancient ferry that once traversed the river at this location. By the mid-14th century, the bridge had evolved, with stone piers replacing the original wooden ones. Remarkably, some of these medieval stone foundations remain intact to this day.

In the early 16th century, the bridge underwent significant transformation under the direction of the Würzburg Cathedral Master Builder Hans Bock and stonemason Hans Sparr. Between 1512 and 1520, they constructed the robust stone arches that define the Brücke today. The bridge's arches, crafted from wedge-shaped limestone blocks, are a marvel of medieval construction. The bridge originally featured 12 piers and was fortified with towers for toll collection and defense.

Challenges and Restorations

Over the centuries, the Brücke has faced numerous challenges, from natural disasters to wartime destruction. In December 1682, ice flows and floods damaged the northern abutment and a pier, necessitating repairs documented by an inscription from 1688. Further devastation occurred in February 1784, when extreme flooding caused the collapse of several piers and arches, as well as the toll tower.

During the Austro-Prussian War, a wooden section of the bridge was set ablaze, leading to its eventual stone reconstruction in 1867 by the master builder Michel from Marktbreit. However, the bridge did not escape the ravages of World War II; German forces demolished a central arch in April 1945. A temporary wooden structure spanned the gap until the bridge was fully restored in 1957, following the construction of a new Main Bridge in 1954.

Modern Renovations

The Brücke's most recent renovation began in 2010, following a period of significant structural concerns that led to its closure in 2006. The city of Ochsenfurt initially considered replacing the entire bridge, but instead opted for a comprehensive restoration that respected its historical significance. This project involved the reconstruction of the bridge's central section using modern materials, while preserving its medieval character. The restored Brücke was officially reopened to pedestrians in January 2012 and fully inaugurated in June of the same year.

Architectural Features

The Brücke spans approximately 270 meters and originally featured 13 piers, with the current structure retaining 10. These piers, founded on wooden piles, are protected by prominent icebreakers. The bridge's arches vary in span, with the longest reaching over 15 meters. The modern central section consists of a 108-meter long, three-span concrete beam, harmoniously integrated with the historic arches.

Adorning the bridge are statues of St. John of Nepomuk and Thekla of Kitzingen, adding a touch of spiritual significance to this engineering marvel. These figures stand sentinel over the bridge, gazing across the Main River as they have for centuries.

Visiting the Brücke

Today, the Brücke is a peaceful pedestrian and cyclist thoroughfare, offering stunning views of the Main River and the surrounding Bavarian landscape. As you stroll across its venerable stones, you can almost hear the echoes of merchants, soldiers, and travelers who once crossed this vital link between regions.

Whether you're exploring the quaint streets of Ochsenfurt or simply enjoying a leisurely walk, the Brücke provides a captivating glimpse into the past. Its enduring presence is a reminder of the resilience and ingenuity of those who built it, making it an essential stop for anyone visiting this picturesque corner of Germany.