Capitol Lake

Capitol Lake, nestled in the heart of Olympia, Washington, is a captivating blend of natural beauty and historical intrigue. This 260-acre artificial lake, with its serene waters and lush surroundings, offers visitors a tranquil escape and a glimpse into the rich tapestry of the region’s past. Whether you're a history enthusiast, nature lover, or simply seeking a peaceful retreat, Capitol Lake has something to offer.

The History of Capitol Lake

The story of Capitol Lake begins long before its creation in 1951. Originally, the area was a tidal basin at the southern tip of Budd Inlet, a vital shellfish gathering site for the Squaxin Island Tribe. This estuary was an essential part of the tribe's livelihood for millennia. However, with the arrival of American settlers in the mid-19th century, the landscape began to change. By the 1890s, the Northern Pacific Railroad had established a station and switching yard on the basin's eastern shore, marking the beginning of a new era.

The idea of transforming this tidal basin into a freshwater lake was first proposed in 1895 by Leopold Schmidt of the Olympia Brewing Company. However, it wasn't until the early 20th century, when the State Capitol Commission envisioned a grand plan to reflect the Capitol Group of buildings, that the concept gained momentum. The design by architects Wilder and White, influenced by the City Beautiful movement, included a reflecting body of water to enhance the Capitol Campus's aesthetic appeal.

Creation and Transformation

Despite various setbacks and opposition, particularly from Tumwater businesses concerned about the impact on their operations, the vision for Capitol Lake persisted. In 1941, a special town meeting in Tumwater finally overcame local resistance, and by 1947, the state legislature approved funding for the construction of the dam. The completion of the Fifth Avenue Dam in 1951 marked the birth of Capitol Lake, transforming the estuary into an iconic landmark.

However, the creation of Capitol Lake was not without its challenges. The construction of the dam led to the destruction of the estuary, but it also eliminated the unsanitary conditions of a shantytown known as Little Hollywood, which had developed along the Deschutes River. Over the years, the lake has faced issues with water quality, sedimentation, and invasive species, leading to ongoing debates about its future.

Exploring Capitol Lake

Today, Capitol Lake is a cherished spot for locals and visitors alike. The 1.5-mile trail around the lake offers a scenic route for walkers, joggers, and cyclists. As you stroll along the path, you'll be treated to breathtaking views of the Washington State Capitol building, its majestic dome reflected in the tranquil waters of the lake. The surrounding parklands provide a perfect setting for picnics, leisurely walks, and wildlife watching.

While swimming and boating are currently prohibited due to water quality concerns, the lake remains a focal point for community events. Each July, the Capital Lakefair draws crowds with its vibrant festivities, including parades, live music, and fireworks, all centered around the picturesque lake.

The Future of Capitol Lake

In recent years, discussions about restoring the area to its original estuary state have gained traction. The Capitol Lake Adaptive Management Plan (CLAMP) Steering Committee, along with the Squaxin Island Tribe and other stakeholders, have recommended removing the 5th Avenue Dam to restore the Deschutes Estuary. This proposal aims to improve water quality, enhance salmon spawning habitats, and address sedimentation issues.

However, the restoration plan faces opposition from some community members and government officials who fear the loss of a beloved landmark and a critical flood control mechanism. Additionally, concerns about the potential economic impact on waterfront activities and doubts about water quality improvements add complexity to the debate.

Wildlife and Conservation

Despite these challenges, Capitol Lake remains a haven for wildlife. The area is home to a variety of bird species, including herons, ducks, and eagles, making it a popular spot for birdwatching. Efforts to control invasive species, such as the New Zealand mud snail and Eurasian milfoil, continue to be a priority for conservationists working to preserve the lake's ecological balance.

A Symbol of Olympia’s Heritage

Capitol Lake is more than just a body of water; it is a symbol of Olympia's heritage and a testament to the city's evolving relationship with its natural environment. Whether you're exploring its scenic trails, participating in local events, or contemplating its future, Capitol Lake invites you to connect with the history and beauty of this unique region.

In conclusion, Capitol Lake offers a rich tapestry of history, nature, and community spirit. As plans for its future unfold, the lake continues to be a cherished part of Olympia, inviting all who visit to experience its tranquil charm and historical significance.