Colline Saint Eutrope, or Colline Saint-Eutrope as it's known locally, is a gem nestled in the heart of Orange, a charming town in the Vaucluse department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in France. Rising to a height of 105 meters, this hill dominates the northern part of the town, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape, including the renowned ancient Roman theatre situated at its base.
The history of Colline Saint Eutrope is as rich and varied as the landscape it oversees. The site has been occupied since at least the protohistoric era, with archaeological evidence suggesting continuous human presence until the end of the 17th century. The most prominent historical feature on the hill is the remnants of the old castle of the Princes of Orange.
In the 12th century, Tiburge, the daughter of Count Raimbaud of Nice, undertook the task of rebuilding the ancient walls of the city and the old castrum Aurasice. By the 14th century, the Princes of Baux had fortified the keep and ramparts to withstand the assaults of the marauding bands that plagued Provence at the time. The population of Orange gathered around this fortress, which was enclosed within a much smaller perimeter than during Roman times. Jean de Chalon added three wings to the keep in the late 14th century, giving it a square shape.
In the modern era, the old castle suffered damage during the religious wars and was completely remodeled. From 1621 to 1624, Maurice of Nassau commissioned the architect Servole to build a modern fortress. This new citadel, comprising the 14th-century keep, curtain walls, and the Vignasse esplanade, was capable of holding 10,000 men in battle formation. The citadel, with its 11 bastions connected by curtain walls and moats, was considered one of the best fortresses in Christendom.
However, the citadel's fate took a dramatic turn in 1672 when Louis XIV ordered the Count of Grignan to lay siege to the fortress and destroy it in retaliation for Prince William III of Orange's defense of Protestant interests. The massive walls were demolished using gunpowder, and today, only a few vestiges remain on the hill. In 1991, an archaeological campaign was conducted to study this architectural and military ensemble.
Today, Colline Saint Eutrope offers a serene escape with its lush greenery and historical ruins. The hill spans 9.45 hectares and has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2007. It was also classified as a protected site for its environmental significance in 1935, covering an area of 25 hectares.
Visitors to the hill can explore several panoramic viewpoints, a playground, and the remains of the Nassau castle. The hill is also home to a monumental statue of the Virgin Mary and a municipal swimming pool, known as the Piscine des Cèdres, which is now abandoned. On the eastern slope, one can find the Saint-Louis secondary school and an old quarry, while the western slope houses the Saint-Clément cemetery.
One of the most captivating aspects of Colline Saint Eutrope is the stunning panoramic views it offers. From the summit, which rises about 100 meters above the plain, visitors can enjoy a breathtaking vista that stretches across the Comtat region, beyond Avignon, and from the Cévennes to Mont Ventoux. The hill's slopes, adorned with trees, provide a majestic backdrop to the imposing Roman ruins below, creating a picturesque setting that demands protection and preservation.
In addition to its historical and natural attractions, the hill also has a table of orientation installed at its summit, allowing visitors to identify and appreciate the various landmarks visible from this vantage point. The hill's strategic location and elevation make it a perfect spot for photography enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
Colline Saint Eutrope also boasts a royal connection. On July 29, 1952, Queen Juliana of the Netherlands planted an oak tree on the hill, adding to its historical and cultural significance. This gesture symbolizes the enduring ties between the town of Orange and the Dutch royal family, whose ancestors once ruled the principality of Orange.
Whether you're a history buff, a nature enthusiast, or simply looking for a peaceful retreat, Colline Saint Eutrope has something to offer. Its rich history, stunning views, and serene environment make it a must-visit destination in Orange. As you wander through the remnants of the old castle, take in the panoramic vistas, and explore the hill's natural beauty, you'll find yourself transported back in time, experiencing the legacy of this remarkable site.
In conclusion, Colline Saint Eutrope is not just a hill; it's a living testament to the rich history and natural beauty of Orange. Its walls and slopes echo stories from centuries past, inviting visitors to uncover the secrets of this enchanting place. So, the next time you find yourself in Orange, make sure to set aside some time to explore Colline Saint Eutrope – a true jewel of Provence.
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