Parliament Hill

Parliament Hill, majestically perched on the Ottawa River's southern banks in Ottawa, Ontario, is more than just the heart of Canadian politics; it is a symbol of the nation's rich history and architectural splendor. This iconic site, often simply referred to as The Hill, is where Canada's most important governmental decisions are made, and where visitors can immerse themselves in the country's storied past and vibrant present.

The Historical Roots of Parliament Hill

Parliament Hill's history is deeply intertwined with the development of Ottawa itself. Originally called Barracks Hill, the area was first settled by European colonists around 1826, when Colonel John By set up a camp to oversee the construction of the Rideau Canal. The hill, then a heavily wooded area, soon became a bustling hub with military barracks and an accompanying hospital.

In 1855, the town of Bytown was renamed Ottawa, and just two years later, it was designated the capital of the Province of Canada by Queen Victoria. This pivotal moment set the stage for the construction of the Parliament Buildings, which began in 1859. Architects Thomas Fuller and Chilion Jones won the design competition with their grand vision of a Gothic Revival complex, a style that symbolized Canada's enduring ties to Britain.

The Original Parliament Buildings (1859–1916)

The original Parliament Buildings, completed in 1878, were a marvel of their time, featuring a blend of Flemish, French, and English architectural elements. The centerpiece was the Centre Block, with its distinctive Victoria Tower and the iconic Library of Parliament. Tragically, much of the original structure was destroyed in a devastating fire on February 3, 1916. The flames consumed everything except the Library, which was saved by the quick thinking of an employee who shut the iron doors connecting it to the rest of the building.

The Rebirth of the Centre Block

Reconstruction of the Centre Block began almost immediately after the fire, with architects John A. Pearson and Jean-Omer Marchand at the helm. Their design adhered to the Gothic Revival style of the original buildings but incorporated modern fireproofing techniques. The new Centre Block, which includes the Peace Tower, was completed in 1927. The Peace Tower, standing at 92.2 meters, is a symbol of Canada's commitment to peace and remembrance, housing the Memorial Chamber dedicated to Canadians who died in conflicts.

Exploring Parliament Hill Today

A visit to Parliament Hill is a journey through Canada's past and present. Begin your tour at the Centre Block, where the House of Commons and the Senate convene. The House of Commons, located in the west wing, is the heart of Canadian democracy, where elected representatives debate and make laws. The Senate, in the east wing, provides sober second thought on legislation.

Don't miss the Confederation Hall, the grand entrance to the Centre Block. This impressive space, also known as the Rotunda, features a central column supporting a magnificent vaulted ceiling. From here, you can access the Hall of Honour, a stately corridor leading to the Library of Parliament, a stunning example of Gothic Revival architecture with its intricate woodwork and soaring dome.

The Peace Tower and Memorial Chamber

The Peace Tower is a must-see for any visitor to Parliament Hill. Its observation deck offers breathtaking views of Ottawa and the surrounding region. At the base of the tower is the Memorial Chamber, a solemn space dedicated to the memory of Canadians who have served and died in conflicts. The chamber's walls are made from stones collected from European battlefields, and it houses the Books of Remembrance, which list the names of fallen soldiers.

The East and West Blocks

The East and West Blocks, which flank the Centre Block, are also worth exploring. These buildings, which survived the 1916 fire, are examples of Victorian High Gothic architecture and house various government offices. The East Block, in particular, has been meticulously restored to reflect its 19th-century appearance, offering a glimpse into the early days of Canadian governance.

The Changing of the Guard and Sound and Light Show

Parliament Hill is not just about politics and history; it is also a place of vibrant cultural events. During the summer months, visitors can witness the Changing of the Guard ceremony, a colorful display of military tradition. In the evenings, the Sound and Light Show, a spectacular multimedia presentation, tells the story of Canada through stunning visuals and music projected onto the Parliament Buildings.

The Surrounding Grounds

The grounds of Parliament Hill are a serene oasis in the heart of Ottawa. Stroll through the beautifully landscaped gardens, which feature statues and monuments honoring significant figures and events in Canadian history. The Centennial Flame, located near the main entrance, is a popular spot for photos and symbolizes Canada's unity and diversity.

In conclusion, Parliament Hill is more than just the seat of Canadian government; it is a testament to the nation's heritage and a living symbol of its democratic values. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to Parliament Hill offers a rich and rewarding experience that captures the essence of Canada.