Barochan Cross

Deep in the heart of Paisley, Scotland, nestled within the historic walls of Paisley Abbey, stands the Barochan Cross, an ancient relic that whispers tales of the early Middle Ages. This Celtic Christian cross, believed to have been constructed between the 8th and 11th centuries, is a testament to the rich tapestry of Scotland's religious and cultural heritage.

The Journey of the Barochan Cross

The Barochan Cross originally stood on the north side of Barochan Burn, about 2 km north of Houston in Renfrewshire. In 1790, it was moved to the nearby Corslie Hill by the local laird, Malcolm Fleming, whose family had owned the land since the 14th century. This relocation was part of a broader trend among the landed gentry to improve their landscapes, thereby asserting ownership and elevating social status. Unfortunately, the exposed position on Corslie Hill led to significant weathering and damage over the years.

In 1977, recognizing the need for preservation, the cross was transported to the Stenhouse Conservation Centre in Edinburgh. After meticulous restoration, it was decided that the cross should not return to its original outdoor location. In 1981, it found a new home within the protective confines of Paisley Abbey, ensuring its preservation for future generations.

A Closer Look at the Barochan Cross

The Barochan Cross, standing approximately 3.4 meters tall with a base designed to fit into the ground, is crafted from pale sandstone. Its surface is adorned with intricate carvings that have intrigued historians and archaeologists for centuries. The first known examination of these carvings was conducted by the antiquarian John Stuart, who published his findings in Sculptured Stones of Scotland in 1856.

In 1919, Scottish archaeologist Ludovic McLellan Mann offered a detailed interpretation of the cross's carvings in his pamphlet War Memorials and the Barochan Cross, Renfrewshire. Mann proposed that the designs were not secular but rather depicted specific biblical episodes. He identified the head of a man positioned between two beasts as the biblical figure of Daniel. He also interpreted other scenes as representing passages from the Book of Exodus and the conversion of sinners to the Christian faith. On the reverse side, Mann believed the four figures symbolized the four Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.

The Cross Through the Ages

The Barochan Cross has witnessed centuries of change and upheaval. When it was moved in 1790, it split into several pieces and had to be reassembled. In 1894, a storm caused further damage, splitting the cross into three pieces once more. Local efforts to repair the cross, though well-intentioned, often led to additional damage. For instance, crude repairs using flat iron bars and steel dowels caused further deterioration of the sandstone and its carvings.

Despite these challenges, the cross remained a cherished local landmark. In 1924, it was granted statutory protection as a national ancient monument under the Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act of 1913. This protection ensured periodic inspections and conservation efforts to preserve its historical significance.

Conservation Efforts

The conservation of the Barochan Cross has been a meticulous process. During its restoration at the Stenhouse Conservation Centre, the head was reattached using polyester resin, and the joints were closed and pointed with a mortar mixture of shellac resin, sand, and meths. The iron dowels were replaced with corrosion-resistant phosphor bronze dowels. Damaged carvings were recast with new mortar and carefully recarved to stabilize each repair.

These efforts have ensured that the Barochan Cross remains a vital link to Scotland's early Christian heritage. Today, visitors to Paisley Abbey can marvel at this ancient cross, appreciating both its historical significance and the dedication required to preserve it.

Visiting the Barochan Cross

Exploring the Barochan Cross is a journey through time. As you stand before this ancient monument, you can almost hear the echoes of the past, from the monks who once revered it to the lairds who sought to enhance their estates. The cross's intricate carvings, though weathered by centuries, continue to tell stories of faith, resilience, and the enduring human spirit.

While visiting Paisley Abbey, take a moment to reflect on the cross's journey from the banks of Barochan Burn to its current home. Consider the hands that carved it, the storms it has weathered, and the generations that have cherished it. The Barochan Cross is not just a relic of the past; it is a living testament to Scotland's rich cultural and religious heritage.

In conclusion, the Barochan Cross stands as a symbol of the enduring legacy of early medieval Scotland. Its presence within Paisley Abbey offers a unique opportunity to connect with the past and appreciate the intricate artistry and deep faith that have shaped Scotland's history. A visit to the Barochan Cross is a journey through time, offering insights into the lives and beliefs of those who came before us.