The Palacio de Navarra, nestled in the heart of Pamplona, Spain, is a magnificent emblem of 19th-century neoclassical architecture and a bastion of the region's rich history. This grand edifice, initially constructed as the seat of the Diputación Foral de Navarra, now serves as the home of the Government of Navarra. Its historical significance and architectural splendor make it a must-see for anyone visiting the vibrant city of Pamplona.
The story of the Palacio de Navarra is deeply intertwined with the history of Navarra itself. Before the mid-19th century, the Diputación Foral de Navarra did not have its own building and was housed in the Palacio del Marqués de Castelfuerte. However, the need for a dedicated space led to the construction of the Palacio de Navarra on the grounds of a former Carmelite convent. This site, rich in history, was once home to the Convent of Santiago and the Castle of Santiago.
The construction of the palace began in 1840 under the guidance of architect José de Nagusía. The project faced numerous challenges, including disputes over land and the use of materials for military purposes during the First Carlist War. Despite these hurdles, the construction was completed in 1856, resulting in the most significant civil building of its time in Navarra.
The Palacio de Navarra is a stunning example of neoclassical architecture, characterized by its symmetrical design and grandiose elements. The stone used in its construction was sourced from the nearby quarries of Ansoáin and Ezcaba, lending the building its robust and enduring presence. The façade facing the Paseo de Sarasate is particularly striking, with its classical Doric order portico and a gallery of arches that extend towards the Plaza del Castillo.
In 1929, the palace was expanded by architects José and Javier Yárnoz to accommodate the growing needs of the government. This expansion, which extended towards the Avenida Carlos III, maintained the original architectural style, ensuring a seamless blend between the old and new sections of the building. The sculptures and reliefs on the rear façade, created by Fructuoso Orduna in 1932, depict Navarra and its cultural and artistic heritage.
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Upon entering the Palacio de Navarra, visitors are greeted by a grand staircase that sets the tone for the opulence within. The interior of the palace is primarily administrative, but it boasts several rooms of significant historical and artistic value.
The Throne Room is the centerpiece of the palace's interior, exuding an air of majesty and grandeur. Designed in the Isabelino style between 1861 and 1865, it was created in anticipation of Queen Isabel II's visit to Navarra. The room is adorned with rich red walls, marble bases, and mirrors encased in gilded frames. Corinthian pilasters support an intricately decorated frieze, which features depictions of prominent figures and events from Navarra's medieval history.
The ceiling, painted by Miguel Ángel Azparren in 1862, is a masterpiece in itself. It features an allegory of Navarra, represented by a crowned matron holding palms and laurels, gazing towards the temple of wisdom. The backdrop showcases a natural landscape highlighted by symbols of progress, such as a factory and the Noáin aqueduct traversed by a railway. The scene is surrounded by the four cardinal virtues: Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, and Temperance, symbolically linked by chains reminiscent of those in Navarra's coat of arms.
High on the walls of the Throne Room runs a gallery featuring 32 portraits of Navarra's kings, from the 8th to the 15th century, concluding with Charles III. This gallery is a testament to the region's rich royal history and is a highlight for many visitors. The portraits, painted in 1864 by artists Joaquín Espalter, Francisco Aznar, Constancio López Corona, Alfredo Ferrán, and Francisco Mendoza, offer a visual journey through the lineage of Navarra's monarchy.
The walls of the Throne Room are further embellished with historical scenes that capture pivotal moments in Navarra's history. These include the discovery of the body of Saint Fermín, the liberation of King Charles II of Navarra, the Battle of Roncesvalles, and the granting of the Privilege of the Union to Pamplona by Charles III in 1423. Each scene is a window into the past, vividly bringing to life the events that shaped the region.
Among the room's other features is the throne itself, elevated on a three-step platform beneath a velvet canopy. This throne is reserved exclusively for the use of the Spanish monarchs. Behind the throne hangs the Tapestry of the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, a reproduction of the banner conserved in the Monastery of Las Huelgas in Burgos.
The Palacio de Navarra is not just a governmental building; it is a living museum of Navarra's history and culture. Its walls whisper tales of the past, inviting visitors to explore and appreciate the rich tapestry of events and figures that have shaped this unique region. Whether you are a history enthusiast or a casual traveler, the Palacio de Navarra offers a captivating glimpse into the heart of Navarra's heritage.
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