St John's Kirk

St John's Kirk, nestled in the heart of Perth, Perth and Kinross, is a striking testament to Scotland's rich ecclesiastical heritage. This magnificent Church of Scotland denomination building stands proudly in St John's Place, just a stone's throw from the city centre. With a history that stretches back to 1126, St John's Kirk is not just a place of worship but a beacon of history and culture, drawing visitors from far and wide to marvel at its architectural splendor and historical significance.

The Early Foundations

The origins of St John's Kirk are rooted in the early 12th century when King David I withdrew funds to support Dunfermline Abbey, leading to the establishment of a church on this very site. Although the church was likely not completed until 1242, it quickly became a cornerstone of the community. Notably, the heart of King Alexander III was buried here in 1286, and King Edward I attended mass at the church during his 1296 invasion of Scotland, marking its importance during the First War of Scottish Independence.

Throughout the centuries, St John's Kirk has been graced by the presence of numerous royals, including Kings Charles I and Charles II, as well as Prince Charles Edward Stuart, who all found solace within its sacred walls.

The Rebirth of St John's Kirk

The current structure of St John's Kirk, with its cruciform shape, is the result of a significant 15th-century rebuild. The oldest part of the building, the choir, dates back to 1448. The central tower, an architectural marvel, is believed to have inspired the design of the two towers of St Machar's Cathedral in Aberdeen. Interestingly, the upper room of this tower once served as a prison for prostitutes, a function that was discontinued in 1823.

The north porch, known as Halkerston's Tower, is named after the architect John Halkerston, who worked on the church in the 1460s. Before the Scottish Reformation, the church housed altars maintained by various crafts in Perth, including the wrights and barbers, who dedicated an altar to Our Lady of Pity.

The Scottish Reformation

St John's Kirk played a pivotal role in the Scottish Reformation. On May 11, 1559, John Knox, the founder of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, delivered a fiery sermon against idolatry within the kirk. This sermon ignited the flames of the Reformation in Scotland, leading to significant changes in the church's structure and practices. Following Knox's sermon, the congregation removed ornamentation from the church and targeted nearby monasteries, stripping them back to their bare walls.

In the aftermath, St John's Kirk was divided into three separate churches—East, Middle, and West—each with its own minister. This division persisted until the 19th century when the interior partitions were removed, reuniting the congregation once more.

Architectural Marvels and Restorations

Over the centuries, St John's Kirk has undergone several restorations and repairs. In 1825, James Gillespie Graham reduced the north transept to improve traffic flow and carried out essential repairs on the building. Sir Robert Lorimer later undertook another restoration as a memorial to the men of Perthshire who lost their lives in World War I. Knox Chapel was dedicated to those who fell in World War II.

Pre-Reformation features of the church, such as holy water stoups, piscina, a stone niche, and mason's marks, have been preserved, offering a glimpse into its medieval past. Additionally, a medieval collection box and a modern tapestry add to the kirk's rich tapestry of history.

The Bells of St John's Kirk

One of the most remarkable features of St John's Kirk is its collection of 63 bells, the largest number of bells in any church in the British Isles. The active carillon, consisting of 35 bells, was installed in 1935 and is housed in the main tower belfry. Among the bells, the Ave Maria bell, dating from around 1340, and the bourdon bell, cast by Peter Waghevens in 1506, are particularly noteworthy.

The modern carillon, a blend of historical and contemporary craftsmanship, continues to enchant visitors with its melodious chimes, creating an auditory experience that is both timeless and captivating.

Stained Glass and Modern Additions

The stained glass windows of St John's Kirk are a visual feast, showcasing the artistry of Ballantine and Allan, Stephen Adam, Douglas Strachan, and American glazier Harvey Salvin. The Black Watch Window and St Christopher window, created by William Wilson, are among the highlights.

In recent years, the kirk has seen further restorations, including the return of the chandelier of the Virgin Mary, believed to have hung in the church in the 15th century. The spire's weathercock was also removed and restored in 2020, ensuring that St John's Kirk remains a beacon of history and faith for future generations.

St John's Kirk is more than just a church; it is a living monument to Scotland's rich history and enduring spirit. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or a spiritual seeker, a visit to St John's Kirk promises a journey through time, offering insights into the past and a glimpse of the eternal. So, step inside and let the echoes of history guide your way through this magnificent testament to faith and resilience.