Old Gaol

In the heart of Peterborough, a city steeped in history, stands the Old Gaol, a fascinating relic of the past that captures the imagination of all who visit. This Grade II listed building, known formally as the Sessions House, is a testament to the architectural ambition and judicial history of the region. While it no longer serves its original purpose, the Old Gaol remains a captivating site for tourists and history enthusiasts alike.

The History of the Old Gaol

The story of the Old Gaol begins with its predecessor, the Abbot's Prison on Long Causeway, which had fallen into disrepair by the late 18th century. The Marquess of Exeter, the lord paramount, was held accountable for this neglect. As a result, a new prison was commissioned, and in 1842, the Old Gaol was completed on Thorpe Road. Designed by the esteemed architect William Donthorne, the building was constructed in the Norman style, a choice that lends it an air of medieval grandeur.

The design of the Old Gaol was both functional and imposing. Its octagonal outer wall and central rectangular prison building were intended to provide security and order. The entrance block, which breaks the outer wall, is particularly striking with its symmetrical frontage of seven bays. The central bay, marked by a three-storey tower, features a tall round-headed doorway and mullioned windows, flanked by turrets with lancet windows and machicolations. These architectural features give the building a fortress-like appearance, reminiscent of the castles of old.

Judicial Significance

Beyond its architectural allure, the Old Gaol played a crucial role in the judicial history of Peterborough. The entrance block housed a courtroom for the magistrates of the Soke of Peterborough. This court, known as the Sessions House, had the authority to try serious cases, a power usually reserved for higher courts. The Liberty of Peterborough Constabulary also established its headquarters here in 1857, further cementing the site's importance in the region's law enforcement history.

The prison itself operated until 1878, after which the prisoners were transferred to facilities in Cambridge or Northampton. The police took over the building, but it eventually became surplus to requirements and was demolished in 1957. The Sessions House, however, continued to serve as a courthouse until the construction of modern courtrooms in the late 20th century.

A New Chapter

In the 1980s, the Old Gaol embarked on a new chapter as it was transformed into a public house by Mitchells & Butlers. This conversion breathed new life into the historic building, allowing locals and visitors to enjoy its unique atmosphere. In 2002, it was further adapted into a bar and restaurant, but this venture closed in 2013, leaving the site unused once more.

Despite its current inactivity, the Old Gaol remains a symbol of Peterborough's rich history. Its imposing structure and storied past continue to draw interest from those who appreciate the blend of history, architecture, and local culture.

Visiting the Old Gaol

While the Old Gaol is not currently open to the public, its exterior alone is worth a visit. The building's striking Norman design and historical significance make it a must-see for anyone exploring Peterborough. Visitors can admire the detailed stonework and imagine the bustling activity that once took place within its walls.

For those interested in learning more about the history of the Old Gaol and its role in Peterborough's judicial past, local archives and historical societies offer a wealth of information. Exploring these resources can provide deeper insights into the building's significance and the stories of those who passed through its doors.

Conclusion

The Old Gaol in Peterborough is more than just a relic from the past; it is a monument to the city's evolving history. From its origins as a prison and courthouse to its later life as a public house, the building has witnessed countless stories of justice, transformation, and community. As it stands today, the Old Gaol invites us to reflect on the passage of time and the enduring legacy of the places that shape our history. Whether you're a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, the Old Gaol is a captivating stop on your journey through Peterborough.