Basilica of Santa María, Portugalete

The Basilica of Santa María, known locally as Iglesia de Santa María, stands majestically in the heart of Portugalete, a charming town in the Basque Country of Spain. This stunning Gothic-Renaissance temple is not only a place of worship but also a testament to the rich history and architectural prowess of the region. With its intricate design, historical significance, and serene ambiance, the Basilica of Santa María is a must-visit for anyone exploring the cultural tapestry of northern Spain.

The Historical Evolution of the Basilica

The origins of the Basilica of Santa María date back to the early 14th century when María Díaz de Haro, the Lady of Biscay, mandated the construction of a small wooden church in her 1322 Charter. However, as Portugalete grew into a bustling mercantile hub in the 15th century, the need for a larger and more grandiose place of worship became apparent. Thus, in 1480, the construction of the current basilica began, a project that would span over a century, concluding in the latter half of the 16th century.

One of the key figures in the basilica's construction was Juan de Garita, who took over as the master builder in 1530. The tower, a striking feature of the basilica, was constructed in the Baroque style between 1691 and 1750, based on a design by Lucas Longa. Unfortunately, the upper part of the tower was destroyed during a bombardment in the Carlist Wars of 1873 but was later rebuilt in 1887 by Casto de Zabala and Francisco Berriozabal.

In recognition of its historical and cultural significance, Pope Pius XII elevated the church to the status of a minor basilica on February 27, 1951. Further cementing its importance, the Basilica of Santa María was declared a Bien de Interés Cultural (a site of cultural interest) in 1984.

Architectural Grandeur

The Basilica of Santa María is a masterpiece of Gothic-Renaissance architecture. Its basilica plan features three naves of five sections each, with the lateral naves being lower in height than the central one. This design allows the weight of the central nave to be distributed onto the lateral naves through a series of external buttresses and flying buttresses. The church's head, or apse, is modestly developed, consisting of a central octagonal section with three panels.

The vaults are ribbed and rest on clustered pillars, showcasing the late Gothic style that dominates the structure. Notably, the basilica also features Renaissance elements, particularly in the entrance on the second section of the north nave, known as the Portal de la Ribera, crafted by Juan de Garita. The interior is adorned with numerous Renaissance works, including the main portal on the western facade beneath the tower, which is a protobaroque creation from the 17th century.

Exploring the Interior

As you step inside the Basilica of Santa María, you are greeted by a wealth of artistic and historical treasures. The Salazar Chapel, located in the third section of the north nave, is a highlight. Originally dedicated to Our Lady of Sorrows, the chapel underwent significant restoration in the 1990s, revealing a Renaissance sepulcher that had been hidden behind a neogothic altarpiece. This sepulcher is believed to belong to the Salazar family, with the kneeling figure likely representing Pedro Salazar y Butrón.

Moving to the fourth section of the north nave, you will find the Chapel of the Adoration of the Kings. This chapel, funded by the Coscojales and Salazar families, houses a Renaissance altarpiece depicting the Adoration of the Magi, crafted by the Lorraine brothers Guiot and Juan de Beaugrant in the mid-16th century. The chapel also features a niche with a modern statue of the Pietà, created in 1997.

The Majestic Main Chapel

The main chapel of the basilica is home to the grand Renaissance altarpiece, an impressive work by the Beaugrant brothers and Juan de Ayala. The central section of the altarpiece is dominated by a 14th-century Gothic statue of Santa María, surrounded by scenes from the life of Christ. The intricate carvings and the expressive figures, particularly those by the Beaugrant brothers, make this altarpiece a true masterpiece of Renaissance art.

In the 1740s, the central section of the altarpiece was painted in the Rococo style by Andrés de Rada, adding a layer of vibrant color to the already stunning piece. The altarpiece underwent a thorough restoration between 1986 and 1988, ensuring its preservation for future generations to admire.

Other Notable Chapels

In addition to the main chapels, the Basilica of Santa María boasts several other noteworthy chapels. The Chapel of the Immaculate Conception, located in the fourth section of the south nave, features a neogothic altarpiece from the early 20th century, adorned with reliefs depicting scenes from the Passion of Christ. The Chapel of St. Anthony, in the third section of the south nave, houses a Gothic statue of Christ from the late 15th century, which was saved from destruction during the Spanish Civil War.

The Chapel of St. James, in the second section of the south nave, was commissioned by Captain Juan de Ugarte in 1569. This chapel is enclosed by a Renaissance iron grille, attributed to the workshop of the Beaugrant brothers, and features a sepulchral slab marking the resting place of Ugarte and his wife, Teresa Gómez de Matiartu y Butrón.

A Living Museum

In 1996, the basilica opened a parish museum in the modern sacristy, showcasing many of the elements and images removed during the 1990s restoration. The museum provides a fascinating glimpse into the history and artistry of the basilica, making it a valuable addition to any visit.

In 1998, the Basilica of Santa María also inaugurated the Center for Bibliography and Documentation, which houses a collection of documents detailing the history of Portugalete and its iconic temple. This center offers a wealth of information for those interested in delving deeper into the rich heritage of the region.

In conclusion, the Basilica of Santa María is not just a place of worship; it is a living testament to the history, art, and culture of Portugalete. Whether you are an architecture enthusiast, a history buff, or simply a curious traveler, the basilica offers a captivating journey through time, inviting you to explore its many wonders and uncover the stories that have shaped this remarkable landmark.