Montefiore Synagogue

Nestled in the serene town of Ramsgate, Kent, the Montefiore Synagogue stands as a testament to the rich heritage and enduring legacy of Sir Moses Montefiore. This private Orthodox Jewish synagogue, completed in 1833, is not just a place of worship but a historical monument that offers a glimpse into the life and times of one of the most influential Jewish figures of the 19th century.

The Origins of the Montefiore Synagogue

The story of the Montefiore Synagogue begins with Sir Moses Montefiore's first visit to Ramsgate in 1812, during his honeymoon with his wife, Judith Cohen. Captivated by the tranquility of the area, Montefiore decided to make it his home. In 1831, he purchased East Cliff Lodge and immediately commissioned the construction of the synagogue. The foundation stone was laid on the New Moon of Tammuz 5691, corresponding to 9 August 1831, and the building was completed two years later.

The synagogue was designed by David Mocatta, a cousin of Montefiore and a noted architect. Mocatta estimated the cost of construction at between £1,500 and £1,600, exclusive of the interior, which was to cost an additional £300 to £400. The synagogue was built in the European tradition of great men having private chapels on their estates, reflecting Montefiore's stature and his commitment to his faith.

Architectural Marvel

The Montefiore Synagogue is a notable example of Regency ecclesiastical architecture. The stucco-covered masonry building is rectangular with canted corners and features a semicircular apse to accommodate the Torah Ark. The façade is adorned with a unique clock bearing the motto, Time flies, virtue alone remains, and the Montefiore coat of arms, a later addition.

The interior of the synagogue is equally impressive. The octagonal dome with a lantern admits daylight, and a window over the Torah Ark adds to the ethereal ambience. Originally, the interior was of whitewashed plaster, but in 1912, Montefiore's heirs added pink, grey, and cream marble and granite walls, along with much of the furniture. Oak furniture and iron gallery supports were added in 1933, along with stained glass windows on the northeast and southeast walls.

The synagogue is illuminated by candles in the original chandeliers, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere. The gallery is curtained by an old-fashioned, tall latticework, and it retains Lady Montefiore's original seat, no. 3. Sir Moses' seat is on the ground floor, maintaining the personal touch of the Montefiore family.

The Mausoleum

Adjacent to the synagogue is the mausoleum, the final resting place of Sir Moses and Judith, Lady Montefiore. The mausoleum is a replica of Rachel's Tomb on the road from Jerusalem to Bethlehem, reflecting Montefiore's deep connection to the Holy Land. The cube-shaped structure is surmounted by a dome and features an open, arched porch. The interior is simple, with a stained glass skylight but no other decoration.

The two graves are marked by identical chest tombs of Aberdeen marble, facing east towards Jerusalem. The floor is made of Minton tile, and the porch features intricate Moorish ironwork grills. Above the porch is an inscription from the Hebrew hymn Adon Olam: Within Thy hand I lay my soul / Both when I sleep and when I wake. / And with my soul my body too, / My Lord is with me, I shall not fear.

Beyond the tomb stands a short, Roman pillar of Egyptian porphyry, a gift from Mehmet Ali, khedive of Egypt, with whom Montefiore established friendly relations. This pillar was placed by Lady Montefiore to indicate where she wished to be buried, although she passed away in 1862.

A Legacy Preserved

Although regular services are no longer held at the Montefiore Synagogue due to the lack of a local Sephardi congregation, the building and the mausoleum are meticulously maintained by the Montefiore Endowment. This organization also oversees the nearby Ramsgate Jewish Cemetery, ensuring that the legacy of Sir Moses Montefiore and his contributions to the Jewish community are preserved for future generations.

Visitors to the Montefiore Synagogue can immerse themselves in the history and architecture of this remarkable site. The serene surroundings, combined with the rich historical context, make it a must-visit for those interested in Jewish history and heritage. The synagogue and mausoleum stand as enduring symbols of faith, charity, and the lasting impact of one man's dedication to his community.

In conclusion, the Montefiore Synagogue in Ramsgate is not just a place of worship; it is a historical landmark that offers a unique glimpse into the life and legacy of Sir Moses Montefiore. Its architectural beauty, combined with its rich history, makes it a fascinating destination for visitors seeking to explore the depths of Jewish heritage in England.