Aragonese Castle

The Aragonese Castle, known locally as Castello Aragonese, stands as a proud sentinel in the heart of Reggio Calabria, Italy. This fortress, with its imposing towers and storied past, is one of the most significant symbols of the city, alongside the famed Riace Bronzes. Nestled between Via Aschenez and Via Possidonea, the castle's location on Piazza Castello makes it a central and accessible landmark for all who visit.

The Ancient Origins of Aragonese Castle

Despite its name, the Aragonese Castle has roots that stretch far back before the Aragonese period. The earliest fortifications on this site date back to the 6th century. In ancient times, the hill on which the castle stands was far more prominent and played a crucial role in the city's defense system. The fortification was part of the defensive walls of Palaiapolis, the archaic city founded by Chalcidian settlers in the 8th century BC. Even during the classical Greek period, the hill remained a fortified area of significant military importance, protecting the city's expansion towards the sea.

Medieval Times and Byzantine Influence

During the Byzantine era, particularly under Emperor Justinian I, the castle's strategic importance was recognized. In the 6th century, General Belisarius restored the city's fortifications after liberating it from barbarian control. The castle became a cornerstone of the city's defenses, safeguarding the vital port of Reggio Calabria and the southern region of Calabria. The first documented existence of a proper castle dates back to the year 536.

Throughout the Middle Ages, the castle changed hands several times. It fell to the Normans in 1059 and later to Charles I of Anjou in 1266. Each ruling power made significant modifications to the structure, enhancing its defensive capabilities. Notably, during the reign of Emperor Frederick II, substantial renovations were carried out to establish a robust state defense system for the Kingdom of Sicily. The castle featured a square layout with four corner towers, a design that persisted until the catastrophic earthquake of 1908.

The Aragonese Period and Architectural Evolution

The castle underwent significant transformations during the Aragonese period in the 15th century. King Ferdinand I of Aragon commissioned extensive renovations to adapt the fortress to the evolving military technology of the time, particularly the advent of gunpowder artillery. Under the direction of the renowned architect Baccio Pontelli, two large towers with battlements were added on the southern side, and a ravelin (a triangular fortification) was constructed on the eastern side. A moat, fed by the nearby Orangibach, further enhanced the castle's defenses.

In 1539, Pedro Álvarez de Toledo expanded the castle's capacity to accommodate nearly 1,000 people, providing refuge for the city's inhabitants during Turkish invasions. Despite numerous modifications, the castle retained its Aragonese character well into the modern era.

Modern Era: From Military Stronghold to Cultural Monument

In the 19th century, the castle's role shifted as it became a barracks and later a political prison during the Risorgimento, Italy's unification movement. In 1860, Giuseppe Garibaldi captured the city and the castle, marking a pivotal moment in the unification process. The new urban plan of Reggio Calabria, developed in 1869, viewed the castle as an anachronistic structure, leading to debates about its demolition.

Despite partial demolitions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the castle's two iconic towers were preserved as historical monuments. In 1897, the castle was declared a national monument, cementing its status as a cultural and historical treasure. The devastating earthquake of 1908 caused significant damage, but the castle's resilient towers remained standing.

Aragonese Castle Today

Today, the Aragonese Castle serves as a symbol of Reggio Calabria's rich and tumultuous history. It houses the observatory of the National Institute of Geophysics, established in 1956, and continues to be a focal point for both locals and tourists. The castle's robust towers and ancient walls offer a glimpse into the past, inviting visitors to explore its storied halls and imagine the countless historical events that have unfolded within its confines.

Whether you are a history enthusiast or simply a curious traveler, the Aragonese Castle is a must-visit destination. Its enduring presence amidst the modern cityscape of Reggio Calabria stands as a testament to the resilience and enduring legacy of this remarkable fortress. As you wander through its ancient corridors and gaze upon its formidable towers, you will be transported back in time, experiencing the rich tapestry of history that has shaped this magnificent structure.