Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine

Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine, nestled in the heart of Rennes, France, is a historical gem that beckons visitors with its rich heritage and stunning architecture. This former abbey church, located at the end of Rue Saint-Melaine, stands proudly in the northeastern part of the medieval city center, adjacent to the western edge of the Thabor Park. Dedicated to Saint Melaine, traditionally considered the first bishop of Rennes, this sanctuary offers a fascinating journey through centuries of history and architectural evolution.

The Historical Significance of Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine

The origins of Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine date back to the 6th century when Saint Melaine, the first bishop of Rennes, was buried on the hill of Champ du Repos. Over the centuries, the site has undergone numerous transformations. The original church, built over Saint Melaine's tomb, was destroyed and rebuilt twice, in the 7th and 10th centuries. The monks, forced to flee during the 10th century, took the relics of their patron saint with them to the Abbey of Preuilly in Touraine.

By the 11th century, the church was reconstructed once again, and by 1026, it was sufficiently advanced to host religious services. The abbey was revitalized in 1054 by Geoffroy Grenonat, Count of Rennes, who sought to restore it to its former glory. This period saw the return of some of Saint Melaine's relics, further cementing the church's significance.

Throughout the medieval period, the church underwent several reconstructions and modifications, particularly during the 14th century when it was damaged during the War of Breton Succession. The tower was rebuilt in 1432, and significant modifications were made in the 17th century, including the addition of a new façade by the renowned sculptor Corbineau.

In the 19th century, Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine served as the pro-cathedral of Rennes while the Saint-Pierre Cathedral was being reconstructed. The church was further embellished during this period, and in 1855, the tower was topped with an additional level and a statue of the Virgin Mary, making it the highest point in Rennes.

Architectural Marvels of Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine

Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine is a magnificent blend of Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles, with later additions of classical and neoclassical elements. The church's layout follows a Latin cross plan, typical of many medieval churches.

The exterior of the church is a sight to behold. The tower, with its perfectly symmetrical façade, dates back to 1676 and is adorned with intricate limestone carvings by the Corbineau workshop. The tower's octagonal upper section, added in 1855, is crowned with a gilded lead statue of the Virgin Mary, making it a prominent landmark in Rennes. The façade features beautiful carvings, including baskets of fruit and scenes of paradise, surrounded by cherubs and a monk holding a crozier, likely representing Saint Melaine.

Inside, the church retains many of its Romanesque features, despite the numerous modifications over the centuries. The nave, with its austere, unarticulated volumes, is characteristic of early Romanesque architecture. The western part of the nave boasts large, rectangular pillars dating back to the 11th century, while the eastern part features pillars with engaged columns from the 14th-century restoration.

The transept, another highlight of the church, retains much of its Romanesque character, with large, semi-circular arches and high windows. The Gothic choir, added in the 14th century, is a striking contrast to the Romanesque elements, with its pointed arches and large, traceried windows.

The Vivid Stained Glass Windows

The stained glass windows of Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine are a testament to the church's historical and artistic heritage. Although many of the original windows were destroyed during World War II, a few have survived, including a 19th-century window in the north collateral. The post-war replacements, installed in the 1950s, feature simple colored glass, adding a touch of modernity to the ancient structure.

One of the most impressive windows is the large south transept window, measuring eight meters in height and four meters in width. This window depicts the Translation of the relics of Saint Melaine, showing the saint's body being honored by the people of Rennes as it arrives at the city gates. The vibrant colors and intricate details of this window make it a focal point of the church.

A Journey Through Time

Visiting Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine is like stepping back in time. Each corner of the church tells a story, from its origins as a humble tomb to its role as a pro-cathedral and its current status as a parish church. The blend of architectural styles, the historical significance, and the serene ambiance make it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike.

In conclusion, Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine is not just a church; it is a living testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of Rennes. Its walls have witnessed centuries of change, and its spire continues to stand tall, a beacon of faith and resilience. Whether you are drawn by its history, its architecture, or its spiritual significance, a visit to Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine is sure to leave a lasting impression.