Nestled in the charming town of Rixheim, the Commanderie, known locally as the Commanderie de Rixheim, stands as a testament to centuries of history, architectural beauty, and cultural significance. This remarkable structure, once a stronghold of the Teutonic Order, invites visitors to explore its storied past and vibrant present, offering a captivating glimpse into the rich tapestry of Alsace's heritage.
The origins of the Commanderie date back to 1414, when it was first mentioned as the Dünghof, a property already belonging to the Teutonic Order. This medieval order, known for its chivalric and religious pursuits, found itself relocating to Rixheim following the Reformation, when the nearby city of Mulhouse embraced Protestantism. The Commanderie in Rixheim became the new seat of the order, marking a significant shift in its regional influence.
Throughout the turbulent times of the Thirty Years' War, the Commanderie changed hands, falling into the possession of Colonel Diessbach and others. It wasn't until 1699 that the order regained control, and by 1732, plans were underway to construct a new establishment. The building, completed between 1735 and 1738, was designed by the renowned architect Johann Caspar Bagnato. Despite financial constraints that prevented the construction of a dedicated church, the Commanderie thrived, utilizing the nearby parish church of St. Leodegar for its religious ceremonies.
As visitors approach the grand entrance of the Commanderie, they are greeted by the stately facade of this chateau-like structure. The three-winged building, with its elegant two-story design topped by a mansard roof, exudes an air of regal sophistication. The architecture reflects the baroque style of the period, with intricate stucco ceilings that have withstood the test of time, offering a glimpse into the artistic ambitions of its creators.
The Commanderie's history took a dramatic turn during the French Revolution when it was confiscated as church property. The Teutonic Knights fled to Basel, and the complex found new purposes, serving as a prison and military hospital. In 1797, a wallpaper manufacturer from Mulhouse acquired the property, heralding a new chapter in its history. By 1802, Jean Zuber, a prominent wallpaper manufacturer, took ownership, and his factory continues to operate within the Commanderie to this day, crafting exquisite wallpapers that are renowned worldwide.
Today, the Commanderie serves multiple roles, each adding a layer of intrigue to its storied past. The eastern wing houses the Wallpaper Museum of Rixheim, a treasure trove of art and design that showcases the evolution of wallpaper through the ages. Visitors can marvel at the intricate patterns and vibrant colors that have adorned walls for centuries, gaining insight into the cultural and artistic trends that shaped interior design.
The central wing serves as the town hall of Rixheim, a fitting use for a building steeped in local history and significance. Here, the community's administrative heart beats, connecting the past with the present in a seamless blend of tradition and modernity.
In the western wing, the Zuber & Cie wallpaper factory continues its legacy of craftsmanship, producing hand-made wallpapers that are celebrated for their quality and beauty. The factory's presence within the Commanderie is a testament to the enduring spirit of innovation and creativity that has characterized the site for over two centuries.
Beyond the architectural marvels of the Commanderie, visitors can wander through the enchanting gardens that lie behind the building. Designed in the English style, these gardens were cultivated by Jean Zuber and his successors, who introduced a variety of exotic plants to the landscape. The serene setting offers a peaceful retreat, inviting guests to stroll among the lush greenery and take in the harmonious blend of nature and artistry.
The Commanderie of Rixheim is more than just a historical monument; it is a living legacy that continues to inspire and captivate all who visit. Its walls echo with stories of knights and craftsmen, of religious devotion and artistic endeavor. As you explore its halls and gardens, you are transported through time, gaining a deeper appreciation for the rich cultural heritage of Alsace.
Whether you are a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply a curious traveler, the Commanderie offers a unique and unforgettable experience. It stands as a symbol of resilience and transformation, a place where the past and present converge in a celebration of human creativity and spirit.
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