The Monument of Liberty (Паметник на Свободата) in Ruse, Bulgaria, stands as a proud testament to the city's rich history and the enduring spirit of freedom. Designed by the renowned Italian sculptor Arnoldo Zocchi, this iconic structure was erected at the dawn of the 20th century and has since become a beloved symbol of Ruse, even featuring prominently in the city's coat of arms.
The Monument of Liberty is an architectural marvel, featuring a pyramidal structure that commands attention in the heart of Ruse. Atop this grand monument stands a striking female figure, symbolizing freedom. She holds a sword in her left hand, a powerful emblem of strength and liberation, while her right hand points towards the direction from which the national liberators arrived. This poignant gesture serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made for Bulgaria's freedom.
At the base of the monument, two majestic bronze lions add to the grandeur of the structure. One lion is depicted tearing the yoke chains with its mouth, symbolizing the breaking of oppression, while the other fiercely guards the Shield of Freedom. The pedestal is adorned with intricate reliefs depicting scenes of resistance, adding a layer of historical depth to the monument. To complete the ensemble, two cannons are strategically placed at the rear, further emphasizing the monument's theme of liberation and defense.
The exact year of the monument's unveiling remains a topic of debate, with 1906, 1908, and 1909 all being suggested based on various sources. However, all agree on the date of 11 August, a day that holds significant historical importance as it marks the climax of the Battle of Shipka during the Russo-Turkish War. The booklet The Revolutionaries' Monument in Rousse argues convincingly that the correct year is 1909.
The foundation stone was laid in 1890 in the Youth Park, inaugurated by Mitropolit Grigoriy in the presence of Knyaz Ferdinand I. Five years later, the decision was made to move the monument to the city garden, a former Turkish cemetery that had been transformed into Ruse's new central square. This square has seen several name changes over the years, from Knyaz Boris Square to Botev Square, then Lenin Square, and finally to its current name, Freedom Square.
In 1895, a contract was signed with Stoycho Raychev Kefsizov, a local entrepreneur and former revolutionary, to build the monument for 65,000 leva. Despite Kefsizov's dedication, the funds were insufficient, and the total cost rose to 150,000 leva. The additional funds were raised through voluntary donations and evening balls held across Bulgaria. The Simeonovi brothers, Ivan and Stefan, who were prominent bankers, made a significant contribution of 50,000 leva, ensuring the monument's completion.
The initial design by architect Simeon Zlatev featured a statue of Tsar Liberator Alexander II of Russia atop the monument, with two statues of revolutionaries with guns at the base. However, in 1907, the citizens of Ruse decided to replace the tsar's statue with a female figure symbolizing freedom. This decision was made to avoid similarities with the Monument to the Tsar Liberator in Sofia, which was also designed by Arnoldo Zocchi and unveiled in the same year.
Ferdinand I, who had recently been crowned Tsar after the Unification of Bulgaria, was asked to determine the monument's opening day. When he did not respond, 11 August was chosen. The opening ceremony was a grand affair, attended by many former revolutionaries from across Bulgaria, including Rayna Knyaginya, as well as high-ranking officials such as Prime Minister Aleksandar Malinov, ministers, military generals, religious leaders, and the Russian consul. Tsar Ferdinand I sent a representative, possibly due to the strained relations between Russia and the Bulgarian throne at the time.
Today, the Monument of Liberty stands as a powerful symbol of Ruse's historical legacy and the enduring spirit of freedom. It is not just a monument; it is a testament to the resilience and determination of those who fought for Bulgaria's liberation. Visitors to Ruse are drawn to this iconic structure, where they can reflect on the city's rich history and the sacrifices made for freedom.
As you stroll through Freedom Square and gaze upon the Monument of Liberty, you can't help but feel a sense of awe and reverence. The monument's intricate design, historical significance, and the stories it embodies make it a must-visit landmark for anyone exploring the beautiful city of Ruse. Whether you're a history enthusiast or simply a curious traveler, the Monument of Liberty offers a profound and moving experience that will leave a lasting impression.
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