Musée d'art et d'histoire de Saint-Denis

The Musée d'art et d'histoire de Saint-Denis, also known as the Paul Éluard Museum, is a hidden gem nestled in the heart of Saint-Denis, France. This captivating museum, founded in 1901, offers visitors a unique journey through history, art, and culture, all housed within the walls of a former Carmelite convent. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an art lover, or just looking for a delightful day out, this museum promises an enriching experience.

The History of the Site

The museum is located in the historic Carmel of Saint-Denis, a site with a rich and intriguing past. The Carmel was established in 1625 by Cardinal Pierre de Bérulle, making it the 37th foundation of the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in France. The convent became a sanctuary for seven nuns from the Carmelite convent of Amiens, who laid the foundation for what would become a significant religious site.

One of the most notable residents of the Carmel was Louise of France, the daughter of King Louis XV. She took the habit in 1770 and pronounced her vows in 1771, eventually becoming the prioress of the convent. Louise of France played a crucial role in the restoration and expansion of the convent buildings, including the construction of a neo-classical chapel by the king's architect, Richard Mique. This chapel, now a historical monument, served as a public tribunal from 1895 to 1983, a period during which the inscription Justice de paix was added to its fronton.

In 1972, the municipality of Saint-Denis saved the convent from potential destruction by purchasing it from the diocese to establish a museum. Since then, the museum has grown to become a cultural landmark, preserving the heritage of the Carmel and showcasing an extensive collection of art and historical artifacts.

The Museum's Collections

The Musée d'art et d'histoire de Saint-Denis boasts an impressive array of collections that span various periods and themes. One of the highlights is the archaeological finds from excavations near the Basilica of Saint-Denis, including remnants of the Merovingian necropolis. The museum's collection of medieval ceramics is considered a European reference, and visitors can also admire a fascinating table game, a byssus bonnet, and intricately crafted gold fibulae.

The museum also houses artifacts that shed light on other aspects of Saint-Denis' past, such as the Hôtel-Dieu, dating back to 1713, with its splendid apothecary. Music enthusiasts will appreciate the presence of a Pleyel piano, adding a melodic touch to the museum's diverse exhibits.

In the former nuns' cells, visitors can explore numerous objects and paintings that depict the life of the Carmel, including works by the painter Laurent Guillot. The museum's collection also features over 3,000 lithographs by Honoré Daumier and 800 of his wood engravings, offering a glimpse into the world of 19th-century caricature and satire.

Contemporary Collections and Exhibitions

The museum's contemporary collections are equally impressive, with several notable highlights. One of the most significant collections is dedicated to the Paris Commune, featuring photographs, unique objects like Louise Michel's embroidered purse, and various prints. The Paul Éluard collection, named after the famous poet born in Saint-Denis, includes the manuscript of his renowned poem Liberty, a vase by Pablo Picasso, and an illustrated poem by Joan Miró.

The museum also houses the Francis Jourdain collection, which includes a wealth of interior design drawings, ceramics, and furniture. Four exhibition rooms are dedicated to the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 and the Paris Commune, providing a comprehensive look at these pivotal moments in French history.

Temporary Exhibitions

The Musée d'art et d'histoire de Saint-Denis regularly hosts temporary exhibitions that cover a wide range of topics and artistic genres. Recent exhibitions have included Pablo Picasso, Paul Éluard, a Sublime Friendship, Polyphone: Visual and Sound Polyphonies, and Insurgents: Views on the Paris Commune of 1871. These exhibitions offer visitors fresh perspectives and new insights into art and history, making each visit to the museum a unique experience.

Visiting the Museum

The museum is easily accessible via public transportation, with the Paris metro's line 13 stopping at the Saint-Denis - Porte de Paris station, and the Île-de-France tramway's line 8 stopping at either Pierre de Geyter or Saint-Denis - Porte de Paris stations.

In conclusion, the Musée d'art et d'histoire de Saint-Denis is more than just a museum; it's a journey through time, art, and culture. Its rich history, diverse collections, and engaging exhibitions make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the vibrant city of Saint-Denis. Whether you're captivated by the past or inspired by contemporary art, this museum offers something for everyone, ensuring a memorable and enriching experience.