College of Matrons

Steeped in history and charm, the College of Matrons in Salisbury, Great Britain, is a hidden gem that beckons visitors with its rich heritage and architectural elegance. Nestled just north of the magnificent Salisbury Cathedral, this Grade I listed building stands as a testament to centuries of care and compassion, offering a glimpse into a bygone era.

A Glimpse into History

The College of Matrons was founded in 1682 by Bishop Seth Ward, a visionary who sought to provide a haven for the widows of clergy. The founding charter, dated February 13, 1683, marked the beginning of this noble institution. Originally, the college was designed to house ten widows, ensuring they had a safe and comfortable place to live. To fund the establishment and sustain the residents, Bishop Ward endowed the college with land in the villages of Alderbury and West Grimstead, including the Whaddon Farm.

Over the years, the financial support for the residents saw gradual increases. Initially, the weekly pension for each widow was six shillings, which later rose to 15 shillings per week, equating to £40 per year by 1833 and £60 per year by 1869. The eligibility criteria for admission were also carefully defined. Women had to be at least 50 years old and have an annual income of less than £10. This income threshold was later raised to £20 in 1833 and £50 in 1869. Preference was given to women from the Diocese of Salisbury, although women from the Diocese of Exeter could be admitted if there were vacancies.

One of the unique aspects of life at the College of Matrons was the requirement for residents to attend two daily services at the Salisbury Cathedral. This practice reinforced the spiritual connection between the college and the cathedral, fostering a sense of community and devotion among the residents.

Architectural Splendor

The College of Matrons is a stunning example of late 17th-century architecture. The building, constructed in 1685, is believed to have been designed by Sir Christopher Wren, although this remains a subject of speculation. The two-story brick structure is arranged in a U-shape, with the central wing facing north-south and flanked by two projecting wings. The building rests on a slightly protruding plinth, and the cornice is notably pronounced.

The main entrance, located in the center of the central wing, is adorned with a triangular pediment featuring the coat of arms of the United Kingdom from the Stuart period. This pediment is flanked by intricate fruit decorations, adding a touch of elegance to the facade. Atop the central wing's roof sits an octagonal lantern, crowned with a golden ball, which adds a distinctive visual element to the building.

The windows are framed with contrasting stone, and the building's corners are reinforced with quoins. The chimneys, arranged diagonally and clustered in groups, further enhance the building's architectural charm. Originally, the college comprised 42 rooms, with each of the eight women having four rooms and two women having five rooms. By 1833, each resident had two rooms, and by 1907, the accommodations included a living room, kitchen, scullery, pantry on the ground floor, and two bedrooms upstairs.

Philanthropy and Endowments

Throughout its history, the College of Matrons benefited from various endowments and donations. In 1693, Robert King provided permanent rental income, and subsequent benefactors included William Benson Earle, Thomas Henry Allen Poynder, Henry Nevill, and Mary Fletcher. These endowments ensured the college's financial stability and allowed it to continue its mission of supporting clergy widows.

In 1929, Herbert Hardling donated properties in Salisbury, which were later sold, contributing to the college's funds. The income from properties in Berkshire, Cambridgeshire, London, Middlesex, and Sussex also played a crucial role in sustaining the college.

Modern Transformations

In 2013, the College of Matrons underwent significant changes to adapt to contemporary needs. The eligibility criteria were updated, allowing women aged 55 and above from the Salisbury region to benefit from the college's services. While widows and unmarried daughters of clergy were still given preference, the college opened its doors to a broader demographic.

Today, the College of Matrons comprises 15 senior apartments, providing modern amenities while preserving its historical essence. The building has seen several renovations, including a major expansion and renewal in 1870, repairs in 1949 and 1951, and another renovation in 1980.

Exploring the Grounds

Visitors to the College of Matrons can explore the beautifully maintained gardens to the east of the building. These gardens feature charming red brick structures and are enclosed by a historic stone wall with three iron gates. The serene ambiance of the gardens offers a peaceful retreat and a perfect spot to reflect on the college's rich history.

The College of Matrons stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of compassion and community. Its architectural splendor, coupled with its storied past, makes it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and those seeking a deeper connection with Salisbury's heritage. As you stroll through its historic halls and picturesque gardens, you'll be transported back in time, experiencing the legacy of care and devotion that has defined this remarkable institution for centuries.