Orto Botanico di Portici

Nestled in the heart of San Giorgio a Cremano, Italy, the Orto Botanico di Portici, also known in its native tongue as Orto botanico di Portici, is a verdant haven of botanical wonders. Covering an expansive 20,000 square meters, this botanical garden is managed by the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Naples Federico II. It offers visitors a serene escape into the world of plants, with a rich history that dates back to the 19th century.

The Historical Evolution of Orto Botanico di Portici

The Orto Botanico di Portici was established in 1872 alongside the Royal Higher School of Agriculture. Originally, it was part of the gardens of the Royal Palace of Portici, commissioned by King Charles of Bourbon in the first half of the 18th century. These gardens were designed in the French style, featuring ornamental sections and citrus plantations. In 1871, the entire complex was acquired by the provincial administration of Naples and transformed into an institution for advanced agricultural training.

The transformation of the Royal Gardens into a botanical garden was spearheaded by Nicola Antonio Pedicino, the first professor of botany at the school. He adapted an area of about 9,000 square meters for scientific and educational purposes. The larger section, known as the Giardino Soprano, was dedicated to perennial plants, while the smaller Giardino Segreto housed annual and study plants. Under the direction of Orazio Comes, the garden took on a more experimental character, especially with the cultivation of various tobacco varieties.

The 1920s saw the establishment of the Orto Patologico, which reclaimed an area previously used by the Experimental Station for Livestock Diseases. The 1930s brought a renewed interest in the botanical complex, leading to the expansion of existing collections, particularly with exotic species from the Botanical Garden of Palermo. However, this progress was halted by the events of World War II. The Allied occupation of the Royal Palace and its grounds led to the destruction of many plants and installations due to the movement of heavy machinery.

In 1948, reconstruction efforts began, expanding the garden to its current size of 20,000 square meters. Three distinct areas were created: a fern garden, a palm grove, and a greenhouse for succulent plants. Under the guidance of Valeria Mezzetti Bambacioni, the garden not only recovered from wartime damage but also laid the foundation for future improvements and collection expansions.

Despite a violent storm in June 2014 that caused significant damage to the garden's arboreal and botanical heritage, the Orto Botanico di Portici remains a testament to resilience and dedication to botanical science.

Exploring the Botanical Collections

Today, the Orto Botanico di Portici boasts over 4,000 specimens representing around 1,000 species. Among its most notable collections are the desert plants, which include over 600 species of agavaceae, aizoaceae, cactaceae (about 400 species), didiereaceae, and euphorbiaceae. Visitors can marvel at the diverse array of Gymnocalycium, Mammillaria, and Rhipsalis from South Africa and Madagascar, as well as impressive specimens of Welwitschia mirabilis from the South African desert.

The garden also features an extensive collection of palms, ferns, conifers, carnivorous plants, and edible and medicinal plants. A heated greenhouse spanning 1,000 square meters is home to a variety of succulent plants, providing a controlled environment for these fascinating species to thrive.

A Walk Through the Garden

As you stroll through the Orto Botanico di Portici, you'll be greeted by a lush landscape that seamlessly blends scientific inquiry with natural beauty. The Giardino Soprano offers a tranquil setting with its perennial plants, while the Giardino Segreto invites you to explore its annual and study plants. The fern garden, palm grove, and succulent greenhouse each present unique ecosystems that highlight the diversity of the plant kingdom.

For those with a keen interest in botany, the garden provides an educational experience like no other. The various collections offer insights into plant adaptation, survival strategies, and the intricate relationships between different species. Whether you're a seasoned botanist or a casual nature enthusiast, the Orto Botanico di Portici promises a captivating journey through the world of plants.

Conclusion

The Orto Botanico di Portici is more than just a botanical garden; it's a living museum that chronicles the evolution of plant science and the enduring beauty of nature. Its rich history, diverse collections, and serene atmosphere make it a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to San Giorgio a Cremano. As you explore its verdant paths and marvel at its botanical treasures, you'll gain a deeper appreciation for the intricate tapestry of life that thrives within this green sanctuary.