St Peter cathedral

In the heart of Senigallia, Italy, stands the magnificent St Peter Cathedral, known locally as Cattedrale di San Pietro apostolo. This awe-inspiring structure, with its rich history and architectural grandeur, is a must-visit for anyone exploring this charming coastal town. The cathedral is not just a place of worship but a treasure trove of art, history, and culture, reflecting the vibrant spirit of Senigallia.

The History of St Peter Cathedral

The current St Peter Cathedral is the fifth iteration of the church, built between 1762 and 1790 on the site of a pre-existing Jesuit church. The design was the brainchild of architect Paolo Posi, and the cathedral was consecrated on July 4, 1790. The façade, however, was a later addition from the second half of the 19th century, commissioned and funded by Pope Pius IX, a native of Senigallia, and designed by Augusto Innocenti. Over the centuries, the cathedral has undergone several restorations due to the region's seismic activity, with significant repairs following the earthquakes of 1836, 1930, and most recently, 1997, which led to the cathedral's closure for five years.

Architectural Marvels

St Peter Cathedral’s architecture is a splendid example of late Baroque style with a Latin cross plan, featuring three naves divided by sturdy pillars and crowned with a dome. The façade, characterized by its elegant simplicity and classical elements, is a testament to the architectural prowess of Augusto Innocenti. The interior of the cathedral is equally impressive, adorned with numerous works of art from the Italian Mannerism period.

Artistic Treasures

Among the notable artworks housed within St Peter Cathedral are masterpieces by renowned artists such as Federico Barocci, Ercole Ramazzani, Domenico Corvi, and Alessandro Tiarini. Barocci’s Rest on the Flight into Egypt and Ramazzani’s Madonna della Speranza are particularly noteworthy. The central nave is home to a majestic bronze statue of Pope Pius IX, a nod to the cathedral’s significant patron.

The Sarcophagus of San Gaudenzio

In the sacristy of the cathedral, visitors can find the ancient sarcophagus of San Gaudenzio, dating back to the 6th century. This remarkable artifact, of unknown authorship, features intricately carved symbols of the four evangelists on its lid: the angel of Matthew, the lion of Mark, the eagle of John, and the ox of Luke. An inscription indicates that Sigismondo, Bishop of Senigallia, placed the relics of San Gaudenzio in the sarcophagus in 590, though they were later stolen in 1520 and taken to Ostra.

The Chapel of Madonna della Speranza

Another highlight of the cathedral is the elliptical Chapel of Madonna della Speranza, designed by architect Giuseppe Ferroni and inaugurated on April 29, 1838. The chapel’s exterior is distinguished by eight Corinthian columns made of Sicilian jasper with yellow marble bases. Inside, visitors can admire the Madonna della Speranza, a painting that is either a copy or a restoration of an original canvas by Ercole Ramazzani from 1578.

The Pipe Organ

Music enthusiasts will appreciate the cathedral’s pipe organ, located in the right choir of the presbytery. This magnificent instrument was crafted in 1906 by the celebrated organ builder Carlo Vegezzi Bossi. Featuring two manuals, 20 registers, and a pneumatic-tubular transmission system, the organ adds a melodious touch to the cathedral’s serene ambiance.

Modern Additions and Renovations

In 1931, the cathedral underwent further decorative enhancements, including frescoes by Giovanni Marchini. The following year, on April 13, 1932, Pope Pius XI elevated St Peter Cathedral to the status of a minor basilica, recognizing its historical and spiritual significance.

St Peter Cathedral in Senigallia is not just a religious edifice but a beacon of the town’s rich cultural heritage. Its walls echo the stories of the past, from the artistic endeavors of Italian masters to the resilience of its structure through centuries of natural calamities. Whether you are an art lover, a history buff, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to this cathedral promises a journey through time, offering glimpses into the heart and soul of Senigallia.